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Topic summary

Furfural

Furfural
Names Preferred IUPAC name
Furan-2-carbaldehyde
Other names
Furfural, furan-2-carboxaldehyde, fural, furfuraldehyde, 2-furaldehyde, pyromucic aldehyde
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard100.002.389KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C5H4O2/c6-4-5-2-1-3-7-5/h1-4H
    Key: HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C5H4O2/c6-4-5-2-1-3-7-5/h1-4H
    Key: HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYAD
  • c1cc(oc1)C=O
Properties C5H4O2Molar mass96.085 g·mol Appearance Colorless oil OdorAlmond-like Density1.1601g/mL (20°C) Melting point−37 °C (−35 °F; 236 K) Boiling point162 °C (324 °F; 435 K) 83g/L Vapor pressure2mmHg (20°C) −47.1×10cm/mol Hazards Flash point62 °C (144 °F; 335 K) Explosive limits2.1–19.3% Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): 300–500mg/kg (oral, mice)
  • 370ppm (dog, 6hr)
  • 175ppm (rat, 6hr)
  • 1037ppm (rat, 1hr)
  • 370ppm (mouse, 6hr)
  • 260ppm (rat)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 5ppm (20mg/m) [skin]
REL (Recommended)
No established REL
IDLH (Immediate danger)
100ppm Related compounds
Related Furan-2-carbaldehydes
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Furfural is an organic compound with the formula C4H3OCHO. It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples are often brown. It has an aldehyde group attached to the 2-position of furan. It is a product of the dehydration of sugars, as occurs in a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, wheatbran, and sawdust. The name furfural comes from the Latin word furfur, meaning bran, referring to its usual source. Furfural is derived only from dried biomass. In addition to ethanol, acetic acid, and sugar, furfural is one of the oldest known organic chemicals available readily purified from natural precursors.

Wikipedia source