Ethno-nationalist

Stateless and Anti-imperial nationalism

During the era of New Imperialism, many decolonization movements in Asia and Africa adopted ethno-nationalist frameworks to mobilize populations against colonial powers. In many contemporary contexts, anti-imperialist movements continue to employ ethnic nationalism as a defensive response to "imperial" states that often mask their dominance under the guise of civic nationalism. For example, movements in Kurdistan, Tibet, and among Indigenous peoples often define their national identity through shared lineage and language to resist forced cultural assimilation by a dominant state apparatus.