Engolo

N'golo (anglicized as Engolo) is a traditional Bantumartial art and game from Angola, that combines elements of combat and dance, performed in a circle accompanied by music and singing. It has been proposed by some researchers as a possible precursor or influence on the development of capoeira, although the extent of this relationship remains debated in the academic literature.

Engolo is a traditional combat game associated with communities along the Cunene River in the Cunene Province of Angola. Contemporary descriptions of engolo highlight movements inspired by observations of nature, including the imitation of animal behaviors, such as a zebra's kicking motion or the swaying of trees. The practice includes physical combat elements, and accounts describe the possibility of serious injuries during its performance.

The combat style of engolo encompasses a variety of techniques, including different types of kicks, dodges, and takedowns, with a particular emphasis on inverted positions. Some researchers have pointed out similarities between engolo techniques and movements found in capoeira, such as meia lua de compasso, scorpion kick, chapa, chapa de costas, rasteira, L-kick, and others, although the extent and nature of any direct historical connection between these techniques remain debated. Some scholars suggest that African combat traditions, including engolo, may have contributed to the development of capoeira in Brazil, while the formation of capoeira also involved broader historical and cultural processes.

Engolo was documented in the 1950s when the Angolan artist Albano Neves e Sousa included it in a collection of drawings, highlighting its similarities to the Afro-Brazilian martial art of capoeira.

Engolo is one of several African martial arts associated with combat traditions that spread to the Americas through the African Diaspora. Some researchers have suggested possible connections between engolo and combat traditions developed in the Americas, including knocking and kicking in North America, capoeira in Brazil, and danmyé in Martinique, although the nature of these historical relationships remains debated. Known sources document other African combat games with similarities to engolo in specific techniques, such as moraingy on Madagascar and surrounding islands.