Bonoman

Growing decline

The decline of Bonoman was gradual and driven by internal and external factors. Signs of demographic and economic decline began in the 17th century, due to droughts, dynastic instability, and shifting trade networks. As southern Akan states like Akyem, Denkyira, and eventually the Asante Empire secured greater access to coastal markets and European firearms, Bonoman, located inland and lacking direct access to Atlantic trade, was surpassed in regional commerce. Internally, excessive taxation, succession disputes, and elite misconduct contributed to weakening central authority. Oral histories collected from Bono informants describe widespread discontent under Ameyaw Kwakye I, the last Bonohene. Traditions describe him as neglecting ritual obligations and increasing taxation. Before the Asante invasion, disillusioned citizens refused to defend the capital, expressing their frustration with the phrase: "Se hene Ameyaw anya ne ko a onko nhye" ("If king Ameyaw has got his war, let him fight it all").