Al-Mukhtar

Background

Al-Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubayd ibn Mas‘ud ibn ‘Amr ibn ‘Umayr ibn ‘Awf ibn ‘Afrā ibn ‘Umayrah ibn ‘Awf ibn Thaqīf al-Thaqafī was born in Ta'if in 622 CE (the year that the Islamic prophet Muhammad migrated to Medina) to Abu Ubayd al-Thaqafi, a Muslim army commander from the Banu Thaqif tribe, and Dawma bint Amr ibn Wahb ibn Muattib. Following Muhammad's death in 632, Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) became the first caliph. He died two years later and was succeeded by Umar (r. 634–644), who expanded the early Muslim conquests initiated by Abu Bakr, and sent Mukhtar's father Abu Ubayd to the Iraqi front. Abu Ubayd was killed at the Battle of the Bridge in November 634. Mukhtar, then thirteen years old, remained in Iraq after the Muslim conquest of this region, and was raised by his uncle Sa'd ibn Mas'ud al-Thaqafi. Umar was assassinated by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz in 644, after which his successor, Uthman (r. 644–656), ruled for twelve years before being assassinated by rebels in 656.