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Topic summary

Acrylonitrile

Names Preferred IUPAC name
Prop-2-enenitrile
Other names
Acrylonitrile
2-Propenenitrile
Cyanoethene
Vinylcyanide (VCN)
Cyanoethylene
Propenenitrile
Vinyl nitrile
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard100.003.152EC Number
  • 608-003-00-4
KEGG
RTECS number
  • AT5250000
UNII
UN number1093
  • InChI=1S/C3H3N/c1-2-3-4/h2H,1H2
    Key: NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C3H3N/c1-2-3-4/h2H,1H2
    Key: NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYAG
  • N#CC=C
Properties C3H3NMolar mass53.064 g·mol Appearance Colourless liquid Density0.81 g/cm Melting point−84 °C (−119 °F; 189 K) Boiling point77 °C (171 °F; 350 K) 70 g/L log P0.19 Vapor pressure83 mmHg Hazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
flammable
potential occupational carcinogen NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
4
3
2
Flash point−1 °C; 30 °F; 272 K 471 °C (880 °F; 744 K) Explosive limits3–17% Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): 500 ppm (rat, 4 h)
313 ppm (mouse, 4 h)
425 ppm (rat, 4 h) 260 ppm (rabbit, 4 h)
575 ppm (guinea pig, 4 h)
636 ppm (rat, 4 h)
452 ppm (human, 1 h) NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 2 ppm C 10 ppm [15-minute] [skin]
REL (Recommended)
Ca TWA 1 ppm C 10 ppm [15-minute] [skin]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
85 ppm Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0092Related compounds
Related nitriles
acetonitrile
propionitrile
Related compounds
acrylic acid
acrolein
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Acrylonitrile is an organic compound with the formulaCH2CHCN and the structureH2C=CH−C≡N. It is a colorless, volatile liquid. It has a pungent odor reminiscent of garlic or onions. Its molecular structure consists of a vinyl group (−CH=CH2) linked to a nitrile (−C≡N). It is an important monomer for the manufacture of useful plastics such as polyacrylonitrile. It is toxic at low doses.

Acrylonitrile is one of the components of ABS plastic (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene).

Wikipedia source