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Topic summary

1-Butanol

1-Butanol
Names Preferred IUPAC name
Butan-1-ol
Other names
n-Butanol
n-Butyl alcohol
n-Butyl hydroxide
n-Propylcarbinol
n-Propylmethanol
1-Hydroxybutane
Methylolpropane
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations BuOH
n-BuOH
nBuOH
BuOH 969148 ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard100.000.683EC Number
  • 200-751-6
25753 KEGG
MeSH1-Butanol
RTECS number
  • EO1400000
UNII
UN number1120
  • InChI=1S/C4H10O/c1-2-3-4-5/h5H,2-4H2,1H3
    Key: LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C4H10O/c1-2-3-4-5/h5H,2-4H2,1H3
  • OCCCC
Properties C4H10OMolar mass74.123 g·mol Appearance Colourless, refractive liquid Odorbanana-like, harsh, alcoholic and sweet Density0.81 g/cm Melting point−89.8 °C (−129.6 °F; 183.3 K) Boiling point117.7 °C (243.9 °F; 390.8 K) 73 g/L at 25 °C Solubilityvery soluble in acetone
miscible with ethanol, ethyl etherlog P0.839 Vapor pressure0.58 kPa (20 °C) ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC) Acidity (pKa) 16.10 −56.536·10 cm/mol 1.3993 (20 °C) Viscosity2.573 mPa·s (at 25 °C) 1.66 D Thermochemistry 225.7 J/(K·mol) −328(4) kJ/mol −2670(20) kJ/mol Hazards GHS labelling: H226, H302, H315, H318, H335, H336P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
1
3
0
Flash point35 °C (95 °F; 308 K) 343 °C (649 °F; 616 K) Explosive limits1.45–11.25% Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): 790 mg/kg (rat, oral) 3484 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
790 mg/kg (rat, oral)
1700 mg/kg (dog, oral) 9221 ppm (mammal)
8000 ppm (rat, 4 h) NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m)
REL (Recommended)
C 50 ppm (150 mg/m) [skin]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
1400 ppm Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0111Related compounds
Related compounds
Butanethiol
n-Butylamine
Diethyl ether
Pentane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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1-Butanol, also known as butan-1-ol or n-butanol, is a primary alcohol with the chemical formulaC4H10O, C4H9OH or CH3(CH2)3OH and a linear structure. Isomers of 1-butanol are isobutanol, butan-2-ol and tert-butanol. The unmodified term butanol usually refers to the straight chain isomer.

1-Butanol occurs naturally as a minor product of the ethanol fermentation of sugars and other saccharides and is present in many foods and drinks. It is also a permitted artificial flavorant in the United States, used in butter, cream, fruit, rum, whiskey, ice cream and ices, candy, baked goods, and cordials. It is also used in a wide range of consumer products.

The largest use of 1-butanol is as an industrial intermediate, particularly for the manufacture of butyl acetate (itself an artificial flavorant and industrial solvent). It is a petrochemical derived from propylene. Estimated production figures for 1997 are: United States 784,000 tonnes; Western Europe 575,000 tonnes; Japan 225,000 tonnes.

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