First Jewish–Roman WarRebellion against Roman rule (66–73/74 CE)BelligerentsRoman EmpireJudean provisional governmentSupported by:AdiabeneZealotsGalileansPeasantry factionIdumaeansSicariiCommanders and leadersGessius Florus(66)Cestius Gallus(66)Vespasian(67–69)Titus(67–71)Lucilius Bassus(71–72)Flavius Silva(72–73/74)Herod Agrippa IIAnanus ben Ananus †Joshua ben Gamla †Joseph ben Gurion †Niger the Perean †Josephus Eleazar ben Simon †Eleazar ben Hanania †Judah ben Ari †John of Giscala (POW)Simon bar Giora Jacob ben SosaMenahem ben Judah Eleazar ben Ya'ir †StrengthGallus' force: 29,548 (66)Vespasian's force: 60,000 (67–69)Titus's force: 50,000 (69–70)Silva's force: 8,000 troops (74) Unknown UnknownAccording to Josephus, 1.1 million died in Jerusalem and 100,000 in Galilee.According to modern analysis, a significant part of Judaea's population died, possibly one-quarter.
JosephusFlavius Josephus (born Yosef ben Mattityahu; c. AD 36 – c. 100) was a Roman–Jewish historian and military leader. Best known for writing The Jewish War, he was born in Jerusalem—then part of the Roman province of Judea—to a father of priestly descent and a mother who claimed Hasmonean royal ancestry.
Jewish philosophyPhilosophy carried out by Jews or in relation to the religion of Judaism Part of a series onJewish philosophy Hellenistic Positions: HasmoneanSadduceanPhariseeBoethusian People: Aristobulus of AlexandriaPhilo of Alexandria Medieval Influenced by: Brethren of Purityibn Bajjah (Avempace)Ismaili philosophyJewish KalamKabbalahRabbinic Judaism Spanish and European: Hasdai ibn ShaprutIbn GabirolAbraham bar HiyyaBahya ibn PaqudaJudah HaleviAbraham ibn DaudJoseph ibn TzaddikAbraham ibn EzraMaimonidesNachmanidesSamuel ibn TibbonJoseph ben JudahShem-Tov ibn FalaqueraGersonidesMoses of NarbonneIsaac ben SheshetHasdai CrescasJoseph AlboElia del MedigoJudah MinzIsaac AbarbanelJudah Leon Abravanel Yemenite: Natan'el al-FayyumiMansur ibn Sulayman al-Ghamari Other: Isaac IsraeliSaadia Gaonal-MuqqamaṣHibatullah ibn MalkaIbn Kammuna Positions: Maimonidean / Anti-MaimonideanKabbalistKaraismTalmudicTosafist Modern Positions: OrthodoxSephardicChabadChassidicConservativeReformExistentialistReconstructionistHolocaustRenewalNeo-HasidicMussarRambamist People: Francisco SanchesUriel da CostaBaruch SpinozaSalomon MaimonJoseph Solomon DelmedigoElijah Ba'al Shem of ChelmEliezer ben Elijah AshkenaziTzvi AshkenaziJacob EmdenSamuel HirschShneur Zalman of LiadiSimcha Bunim of PeshischaSamson Raphael HirschJacob AbendanaIsaac CardosoDavid NietoIsaac Orobio de CastroMoses MendelssohnSamuel David LuzzattoElijah BenamozeghMoses HessEliezer BerkovitsEliyahu DesslerMonsieur ChouchaniEmmanuel LevinasMartin BuberGershom ScholemAbraham Isaac KookJoseph SoloveitchikMenachem Mendel Schneerson Topics AngerChosen peopleCosmologyEschatologyEthicsFaithGodHappinessHolinessHolocaustMessiahMicrocosm–macrocosmRighteousness vte Part of a series onJudaism Movements Orthodox Haredi Hasidic Modern Open Traditional Conservadox Conservative Reform Reconstructionist Humanistic Renewal Science Karaite Haymanot Philosophy Principles of faith Kabbalah Messiah Ethics Chosenness God Names Musar movement Texts Tanakh Torah Nevi'im Ketuvim Ḥumash Siddur Piyutim Zohar Rabbinic Mishnah Talmud Midrash Tosefta Law Mishneh Torah Tur Shulchan Aruch Mishnah Berurah Aruch HaShulchan Kashrut Tzniut Tzedakah Niddah Noahide laws Holy cities/places Jerusalem Safed Hebron Tiberias Synagogue Beth midrash Mikveh Sukkah Chevra kadisha Holy Temple Tabernacle Important figures Abraham Isaac Jacob Moses Aaron David Solomon Sarah Rebecca Rachel Leah Rabbinic sagesChazal Tannaim Amoraim Savoraim Geonim Rishonim Acharonim Religious roles Rabbi Rebbe Posek Hazzan Dayan Rosh yeshiva Mohel Kohen Culture and education Brit milah Zeved habat Pidyon haben Hebrew calendar Shabbat Bar and bat mitzvah Marriage Bereavement Yeshiva Kollel Cheder Ritual objects Sefer Torah Tallit Tefillin Tzitzit Kippah Mezuzah Menorah Shofar Four species Etrog Lulav Hadass Arava Kittel Gartel Prayers Shema Amidah Aleinu Kaddish Minyan Birkat Hamazon Shehecheyanu Hallel Havdalah Tachanun Kol Nidre Selichot (S'lichot) Major holidays Rosh Hashanah Yom Kippur Sukkot Pesach Shavuot Purim Hanukkah Other religions Christianity Hinduism Islam Mormonism Samaritanism Abrahamic religions Judeo-Christian Pluralism Related topics Antisemitism Apostasy Criticism Fundamentalism Holocaust theology Israel Jesus Jews Muhammad Music Zionism Judaism portalvte Part of a series onJews and Judaism Etymology Who is a Jew?
Jewish political movementsJewish political movements refer to the organized efforts of Jews to build their own political parties or otherwise represent their interest in politics outside the Jewish community. From the time of the siege of Jerusalem by the Romans to the foundation of Israel, the Jewish people had no sovereign territory and were largely denied equal rights in the lands in which they lived.
Judaea (Roman province)Today part ofIsraelPalestineJordan (Peraea)Lebanon (NW Galilee)Form of Judaism: before August 70, it is referred to as Second Temple Judaism, from which the Tannaim and Early Christianity emerged.Judaea was a Roman province from 6 to 135 AD, which at its height encompassed the regions of Judea, Idumea, Peraea, Samaria, and Galilee, as well as parts of the coastal plain of the southern Levant.
Land of IsraelArea of the Southern Levant 1916 map of the Fertile Crescent by James Henry Breasted. The names used for the land are "Canaan", "Palestine", "Judah", and "Israel". Part of a series on the History of Israel Early history Prehistoric Levant Kebaran Mushabian Natufian Khiamian Yarmukian Lodian Wadi Rabah Ghassulian Canaan Djahy Habiru Shasu Late Bronze Age collapse Ancient Israel and Judah Timeline Israelites highland settlement 12th–10th cent. BCE United Monarchy 10th cent.
MattathiasMattathias ben Johanan (Hebrew: מַתִּתְיָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן בֶּן יוֹחָנָן, Mattīṯyāhū haKōhēn ben Yōḥānān; died 166–165 BCE) was a Kohen (Jewish priest) who helped spark the Maccabean Revolt against the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. Mattathias's story is related in the deuterocanonical book of 1 Maccabees and in the writings of Josephus.
Second Temple periodThe Temple menorah as depicted on the Magdala stone, early 1st century CEDurationc.
ElijahElijah ( ih-LEYE-zhə or ih-LEYE-jə; Hebrew: אֵלִיָּהוּ, romanized: ʾĒlīyyāhu or אֵלִיָּה, ʾĒlīyyā, 'My God is Yahweh/YHWH') was a prophet and miracle worker who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of King Ahab (9th century BC), according to the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible. In 1 Kings 18, Elijah defended the worship of the Hebrew deity Yahweh over that of the Canaanite deity Baal.
PhinehasAccording to the Hebrew Bible, Phinehas (also spelled Phineas, ; Hebrew: פִּינְחָס, romanized: Pînəḥās, Ancient Greek: Φινεές Phinees, Latin: Phinees) was a priest during the Exodus. The grandson of Aaron and son of Eleazar, the High Priests (Exodus 6:25), he distinguished himself as a youth at Shittim with his zeal against the heresy of Peor.
Jewish religious movementsDenominations of Judaism Part of a series onJudaism Movements Orthodox Haredi Hasidic Modern Open Traditional Conservadox Conservative Reform Reconstructionist Humanistic Renewal Science Karaite Haymanot Philosophy Principles of faith Kabbalah Messiah Ethics Chosenness God Names Musar movement Texts Tanakh Torah Nevi'im Ketuvim Ḥumash Siddur Piyutim Zohar Rabbinic Mishnah Talmud Midrash Tosefta Law Mishneh Torah Tur Shulchan Aruch Mishnah Berurah Aruch HaShulchan Kashrut Tzniut Tzedakah Niddah Noahide laws Holy cities/places Jerusalem Safed Hebron Tiberias Synagogue Beth midrash Mikveh Sukkah Chevra kadisha Holy Temple Tabernacle Important figures Abraham Isaac Jacob Moses Aaron David Solomon Sarah Rebecca Rachel Leah Rabbinic sagesChazal Tannaim Amoraim Savoraim Geonim Rishonim Acharonim Religious roles Rabbi Rebbe Posek Hazzan Dayan Rosh yeshiva Mohel Kohen Culture and education Brit milah Zeved habat Pidyon haben Hebrew calendar Shabbat Bar and bat mitzvah Marriage Bereavement Yeshiva Kollel Cheder Ritual objects Sefer Torah Tallit Tefillin Tzitzit Kippah Mezuzah Menorah Shofar Four species Etrog Lulav Hadass Arava Kittel Gartel Prayers Shema Amidah Aleinu Kaddish Minyan Birkat Hamazon Shehecheyanu Hallel Havdalah Tachanun Kol Nidre Selichot (S'lichot) Major holidays Rosh Hashanah Yom Kippur Sukkot Pesach Shavuot Purim Hanukkah Other religions Christianity Hinduism Islam Mormonism Samaritanism Abrahamic religions Judeo-Christian Pluralism Related topics Antisemitism Apostasy Criticism Fundamentalism Holocaust theology Israel Jesus Jews Muhammad Music Zionism Judaism portalvte Part of a series onJews and Judaism Etymology Who is a Jew?
Roman Empire27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization
zealousRelated word or term.zealotRelated word or term.zealotryRelated word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.