Catalytic reformingCatalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert naphthas from crude oil into liquid products called reformates, which are premium "blending stocks" for high-octane gasoline. The process converts low-octane linear hydrocarbons (paraffins) into branched alkanes (isoparaffins) and cyclic naphthenes, which are then partially dehydrogenated to produce high-octane aromatic hydrocarbons.
EthylbenzeneNames Preferred IUPAC nameEthylbenzeneOther names Ethylbenzol; Phenylethane; alpha-Methyltoluene; EBIdentifiers CAS Number100-41-43D model (JSmol)Interactive imageAbbreviations EBPhEt Beilstein Reference1901871 ChEBICHEBI:16101ChEMBLChEMBL371561ChemSpider7219DrugBankDB01722ECHA InfoCard100.002.591KEGGC07111PubChemCID7500RTECS numberDA0700000UNIIL5I45M5G0OCompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID3020596InChIInChI=1S/C8H10/c1-2-8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7H,2H2,1H3Key: YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/C8H10/c1-2-8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7H,2H2,1H3Key: YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYAMSMILESCCc1ccccc1Properties Chemical formulaC8H10Molar mass106.168 g·mol Appearance colorless liquid Odoraromatic Density0.8665 g/mL Melting point−95 °C (−139 °F; 178 K) Boiling point136 °C (277 °F; 409 K) Solubility in water0.015 g/100 mL (20 °C) log P3.27 Vapor pressure9.998 mmHg Magnetic susceptibility (χ)−77.20·10 cm/mol Refractive index (nD)1.495 Viscosity0.669 cP at 20 °C Dipole moment0.58 DThermochemistry Heat capacity(C)1.726 J/(gK) Hazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): Main hazardsFlammable GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordDangerHazard statementsH225, H304, H320, H332, H335, H336, H351, H360, H373, H400, H411Precautionary statementsP201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P314, P331, P337+P313, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 230Flash point22.22 °C (72.00 °F; 295.37 K) Autoignitiontemperature430 °C (806 °F; 703 K) Explosive limits1–7.8% Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)5460 mg/kg LCLo (lowest published)4000 ppm (rat, 4 hr) NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible)TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m) REL (Recommended)TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m) ST 125 ppm (545 mg/m) IDLH (Immediate danger)800 ppm Related compounds Related aromatichydrocarbonsstyrene, tolueneRelated compoundsbenzeneethylcyclohexaneExcept where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Yverify ( ?)
Organic compoundOrganic compounds are a subclass of chemical compounds of carbon. Little consensus exists among chemists on the exact definition of organic compound; the only universally accepted definition is the quasi-tautological "organic compounds are the subject matter of organic chemistry". Generally, any large chemical compound containing a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond is accepted as an organic compound.
BenzeneBenzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. As it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is a hydrocarbon. Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals.
Organic chemistryOrganic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials (i.e. matter in its various forms that contain carbonatoms). It involves studying the structure of organic material to determine the structural formula, analyzing physical and chemical properties, and evaluating chemical reactivity to understand the behavior of organic compounds.
Methyl groupIn organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules.
HydrogenChemical element with atomic number 1 (H)–↑H↓Li(none) ← hydrogen → helium
PyrolysisThermal decomposition of materialsBurning pieces of wood, showing various stages of pyrolysis, followed by oxidative combustionPyrolysis (; from Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr) 'fire' and λύσις (lúsis) 'separation') is a process involving the separation of covalent bonds in organic matter by thermal decomposition within an inert environment without oxygen. ApplicationsPyrolysis is most commonly used in the treatment of organic materials.
Greek languageIndo-European languageGreek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, romanized: elliniká; Ancient Greek: ἑλληνική, romanized: hellēnikḗ) is an Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family.Chemical formulaA chemical formula is any of several kinds of notation for expressing the composition and structure of a chemical compound. Chemical formulas use element symbols for the atoms of each chemical element in a compound. There are several conventional types of chemical formula that present different levels of detail.
Structural isomerIn chemistry, a structural isomer (or constitutional isomer in the IUPAC nomenclature) of a compound is a compound that contains the same number and type of atoms, but with a different connectivity (i.e. arrangement of bonds) between them. The term metamer was formerly used for the same concept.Preferred IUPAC nameIn chemical nomenclature, a preferred IUPAC name (PIN) is a unique name, assigned to a chemical substance and preferred among all possible names generated by IUPAC nomenclature. The "preferred IUPAC nomenclature" provides a set of rules for choosing between multiple possibilities in situations where it is important to decide on a unique name. It is intended for use in legal and regulatory situations.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.