Electric currentAn electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, through an electrical conductor or space. It is defined as the net rate at which electric charge flows through a surface. The moving particles are called charge carriers, which may be of several types, depending on the conductor. In electric circuits, the charge carriers are often electrons moving through a wire. In semiconductors, the charge carriers can be electrons or holes.
AmpereThe ampere (symbol: A), often shortened to amp, is the unit of electric current in the International System of Units (SI). One ampere is equal to 1 coulomb (C) moving past a point per second. It is named after French mathematician and physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836), considered the father of electromagnetism along with Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted.
Electric batteryAn electric battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices. When a battery is supplying power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode. The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons.
WattThe watt (symbol: W) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m⋅s. It is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer. The watt is named in honor of James Watt (1736–1819), an 18th-century Scottishinventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who in 1776 improved the Newcomen engine with his own steam engine, which became fundamental for the Industrial Revolution.
Elementary chargeThe elementary charge, usually denoted by e, is the magnitude of the charge on an electron and a fundamental physical constant defined to be exactly e = 1.602176634×10 C. The elementary charge is a measure of the coupling strength of the electromagnetic force and one of the seven defining constants of the International System of Units (SI).
Alessandro VoltaAlessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827) was an Italian chemist and physicist who was a pioneer of electricity and power, and is credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane. He invented the voltaic pile in 1799, and reported the results of his experiments in a two-part letter to the president of the Royal Society in London, which was published in 1800.
Electromotive forceIn electromagnetism and electronics, electromotive force (emf, or EMF) or electromotance, denoted E{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}}, is an energy transfer to an electric circuit per unit of electric charge, measured in volts. Devices called electrical transducers provide an emf by converting other forms of energy into electrical energy.
International System of UnitsThe International System of Units, internationally known by the abbreviation SI (from its official French name, Système international d'unités), is the modern form of the metric system and the world's most widely used system of measurement. It is the only system of measurement with official status in nearly every country in the world, employed in science, technology, industry, and everyday commerce.
MetreThe metre (or meter in US spelling; symbol: m) is the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI). Since 2019, the metre has been defined as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299792458 of a second, where the second is defined by a hyperfine transition frequency of caesium.
VoltageVoltage, also known as (electrical) potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension, is the difference in electric potential between two points. In a static electric field, it corresponds to the work needed per unit of charge to move a positive test charge from the first point to the second point. In the International System of Units (SI), the derived unit for voltage is the volt (V).
Electric potentialElectric potential, also known as the electrostatic potential or electric field potential, is a field of scalar quantities through space, often denoted with the letter φ {\displaystyle \varphi } or V {\displaystyle V} , that gives, for each point in space, the electric potential energy per unit of electric charge that a point charge would have if it was located at that point: at every point, a particle of charge q particle {\displaystyle q_{\text{particle}}} would have the electric potential energy U particle when at the point = q particle V point {\displaystyle U_{\text{particle when at the point}}=q_{\text{particle}}\,V_{\text{point}}} .
Unit of measurementA unit of measurement, or unit of measure, is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by convention or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same kind of quantity. Any other quantity of that kind can be expressed as a multiple of the unit of measurement, For example, a length is a physical quantity. The metre (symbol: m) is a unit of length that represents a definite predetermined length.
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