EstoniansEstonians or Estonian people (Estonian: eestlased) are a Finnicethnic group native to the Baltic Sea region in Northern Europe, primarily Estonia. Estonians primarily speak the Estonian language, a language related to other Finnic languages, e.g. Finnish, Karelian and Livonian.
PärnuCity in Estonia Town in EstoniaPärnuTownFrom top: Pärnu city centre; Red tower; Elisabeth church; the main street; the beachPärnuLocation within EuropeShow map of EuropePärnuLocation within Baltic Sea regionShow map of Baltic SeaPärnuLocation within EstoniaShow map of EstoniaCoordinates: 58°23′N 24°30′E / 58.383°N 24.500°E / 58.383; 24.500Country EstoniaCounty PärnuFounded1251Area • Total32.22 km2 (12.44 sq mi)Elevation10 m (33 ft)Population (2024) • Total41,520 • Rank4th • Density1,289/km2 (3,338/sq mi)Ethnicity • Estonians83.7% • Russians10.6% • other5.7%Time zoneUTC+2 (EET) • Summer (DST)EEST Pärnu (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈpærˑnu]) is a city in southwest Estonia.
HillfortA hillfort is a type of fortified refuge or defended settlement located to exploit a rise in elevation for defensive advantage. They are typical of the late European Bronze Age and Iron Age. Some were used in the post-Roman period. The fortification usually follows the contours of a hill and consists of one or more lines of earthworks or stone ramparts, with stockades or defensive walls, and external ditches.
Hanseatic LeagueThe Hanseatic League, commonly called The Hansa, was a medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe.
Sakala (newspaper)Sakala is an Estonian language daily newspaper first published in Viljandi on 11 March 1878 by Carl Robert Jakobson, a major figure of the Estonian national awakening period in the 19th century. It was considered as having a more radical line than the moderate Olevik. Sakala was the first political newspaper in Estonian. It was the most popular newspaper among Estonians in the late 19th century. Today, it is the local newspaper of Viljandi County.
FortificationA fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin fortis ("strong") and facere ("to make"). From very early history to modern times, defensive walls have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest.
Viljandi CountyViljandi County (Estonian: Viljandi maakond or Viljandimaa; German: Kreis Fellin) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in southern Estonia bordering Pärnu, Järva, Jõgeva, Tartu and Valga counties as well as Latvia.
TartuTartu is the second-largest city in Estonia, after the capital, Tallinn. Tartu has a population of 97,304 (as of 2025), and is the seventh most-populous city in the Baltics. It is around 186 kilometres (116 miles) southeast of Tallinn and 245 kilometres (152 miles) northeast of Riga, Latvia. Tartu lies on the Emajõgi river, which connects the two largest lakes in Estonia, Lake Võrtsjärv and Lake Peipus.
EstoniaEstonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets on the east coast of the Baltic Sea.
NewspaperA newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports, art, science, and religions. They often include materials such as opinion columns, weather forecasts, reviews of local services, obituaries, birth notices, crosswords, sudoku puzzles, editorial cartoons, comic strips, and advice columns.
Municipalities of EstoniaA municipality (Estonian: omavalitsus, plural omavalitsused) is the smallest administrative subdivision of Estonia. Each municipality is a unit of self-government with its representative and executive bodies. The municipalities in Estonia cover the entire territory of the country. Municipalities in Estonia are of two types: Urban municipalities or towns (linnad, singular linn) Rural municipalities or parishes (vallad, singular vald).
Populated places in EstoniaPopulated places in Estonia are cities or settlement units of rural municipalities, but only cities have administrative functions. Settlement units are divided into settlements and urban regions (subdivisions of cities).
GermansGermans (German: Deutsche) are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language. The constitution of Germany, implemented in 1949 following the end of World War II, defines a German as a German citizen. During the 19th and much of the 20th century, discussions on German identity were dominated by concepts of a common language, culture, descent, and history.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.