Orda KhanOrda Ichen (c. 1204 – 1251) was a Mongol Khan and military strategist who ruled the eastern part of the Golden Horde during the 13th century.
ShibanShiban (; Mongolian: Шибан), Siban (Kazakh: Сибан) or Shayban (; Persian: شيبان) was a prince of the early Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire. He was a grandson of Genghis Khan, the fifth son of Jochi and a younger brother of Batu Khan who founded the Golden Horde. His descendants were the Shaybanids who became important about two centuries later.
Golden Horde1242–1502 Turkicized Mongol khanate^Official language since the inception of the Golden Horde, used in chancery.^Especially the western Kipchak dialects, this language spoken by the majority of the inhabitants of the Black Sea steppe who were non-Mongol Turks, and those in the Khan's army. Shift from Mongol to Turkic occurred in the 1350s, or earlier, also used in chancery.The Golden Horde, or Ulus of Jochi, self-designated as Ulug Ulus (lit.
BerkeBerke Khan (died 1266/1267; also Birkai; Turki/Kypchak: برکه خان, Mongolian: Бэрх ханᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨTatar: Бәркә хан) was a Mongol military commander and the ruler of the Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire, who effectively consolidated the power of the Blue Horde and White Horde from 1257 to 1266. He was officially a grandson of Genghis Khan from his son Jochi (whose paternity is highly uncertain).
KurultaiMongol and Turkic term for a political council Timur's great 'kurultai', from a 16th century copy of Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi's Zafarnama A kurultai (/kʊrʊlˈtaɪ/, lit. 'gathering'), also spelled as quriltai, was a medieval political and military council consisting of members of a Mongol khan's family, imperial sons-in-law, captains of the army and others during and before the Mongol empire.
Ögedei KhanÖgedei Khan (also Ögedei Khagan or Ogodei; c. 1186 – 11 December 1241) was the second khan of the Mongol Empire. The third son of Genghis Khan, he continued the expansion of the empire that his father had begun. Born in c. 1186 AD, Ögedei fought in numerous battles during his father's rise to power. After being granted a large appanage and taking a number of wives, including Töregene, he played a prominent role in the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire.
JochiJochi (Mongolian: ᠵᠦᠴᠢ; c. 1182 – c. 1225), also spelled Jüchi, was a prince of the early Mongol Empire. His life was marked by controversy over the circumstances of his birth and culminated in his estrangement from his family. He was nevertheless a prominent military commander and the progenitor of the family who ruled over the khanate of the Golden Horde. Jochi was the son of Börte, the first wife of the Mongol leader Temüjin, later known as Genghis Khan.
Orda (organization)An orda (also ordu, ordo, or ordon) or horde was a historical sociopolitical and military structure found on the Eurasian Steppe, usually associated with the Turkic and Mongol peoples. This form of entity can be seen as the regional equivalent of a clan or a tribe of nomads. Some successful ordas gave rise to khanates. The original term did not carry the meaning of a large khanate such as the Golden Horde.
Batu KhanBatu Khan (c. 1205–1255) was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire established after Genghis Khan's demise. Batu was a son of Jochi, thus officially a grandson of Genghis Khan (Jochi's paternity is highly uncertain). His ulus ruled over the Kievan Rus', Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, and the Caucasus for around 250 years.
Ural MountainsThe Ural Mountains ( ), or simply the Urals, are a mountain range in Eurasia that runs north–south mostly through Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan near the Caspian Sea. The mountain range forms part of the conventional boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia, marking the separation between European Russia and Siberia.MerkitToday part ofMongolia, Buryatia
Genghis KhanGenghis Khan (born Temüjin; c. 1162 – 18 or 25 August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongol tribes, he launched a series of military campaigns, conquering large parts of China and Central Asia.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.