Semispinalis musclesThe semispinalis muscles are a group of three muscles belonging to the transversospinales. These are the semispinalis capitis, the semispinalis cervicis and the semispinalis thoracis.
Rotatores musclesThe rotatores muscles (rotatores spinae muscles) lie beneath the multifidus and are present in all spinal regions but are most prominent in the thoracic region.
Multifidus muscleThe multifidus (multifidus spinae; pl.: multifidi) muscle consists of 23 muscle fasciculi, which fill up the gutter on either side of the spinous processes of the vertebrae (the so-called spino-transverse groove), from the sacrum to the axis. While very thin, the multifidus muscle plays an important role in stabilizing the joints within the spine. The multifidus is one of the transversospinalis set.
Human backThe human back, also called the dorsum (pl.: dorsa), is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck. It is the surface of the body opposite from the chest and the abdomen. The vertebral column runs the length of the back and creates a central area of recession. The breadth of the back is created by the shoulders at the top and the pelvis at the bottom.
MuscleMuscle is a specialised soft tissue, one of the four basic types of animal tissues. There are three types of muscle tissues in vertebrates: skeletal muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, and smooth muscle tissue. Muscle tissue gives skeletal muscles the ability to contract and relax. Muscle tissue contains special contractile proteins called actin and myosin which interact to cause movement.
Splenius cervicis muscleThe splenius cervicis () (also known as the splenius colli, ) is a muscle in the back of the neck. It arises by a narrow tendinous band from the spinous processes of the third, fourth, and fifth thoracic vertebrae; it is inserted, by tendinous , into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper three cervical vertebrae. Its name is based on the Greek word σπληνίον, splenion (meaning a bandage) and the Latin word cervix (meaning a neck).
Epaxial and hypaxial musclesIn adult vertebrates, trunk muscles can be broadly divided into hypaxial muscles, which lie ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae and epaxial muscles, which lie dorsal to the septum. Hypaxial muscles include some vertebral muscles, the diaphragm, the abdominal muscles, and all limb muscles. The serratus posterior inferior and serratus posterior superior are innervated by the ventral primary ramus and are hypaxial muscles.LongissimusThe longissimus (Latin: the longest one) is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis muscles. It is the longest subdivision of the erector spinae muscles that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. StructureLongissimus thoracis et lumborumThe longissimus thoracis et lumborum is the intermediate and largest of the continuations of the erector spinae.
SpinalisThe spinalis is one of the erector spinae muscles, a bundle of skeletal muscles, located nearest to the spine. It is divided into three parts: Spinalis dorsi, spinalis cervicis, and spinalis capitis. Spinalis dorsiSpinalis dorsi, the medial continuation of the sacrospinalis, is scarcely separable as a distinct muscle.
Spinal columnThe spinal column, also known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone, is the core part of the axial skeleton in vertebrates. The vertebral column is the defining and eponymous characteristic of the vertebrate. The spinal column is a segmented column of vertebrae that surrounds and protects the spinal cord. The vertebrae are separated by intervertebral discs in a series of cartilaginous joints.
Muscular system of the horseTypes of muscleAs in all vertebrates, horses have three types of muscle: Skeletal muscle: this type of muscle contributes to movement and posture, and is consciously controlled (voluntary muscle). While some muscles attach solely to skin or cartilage (muscles of facial expression, etc.), contraction of skeletal muscles more commonly leads to the muscle pulling a tendon, which in turn pulls a bone, resulting in either flexion or extension of a joint.
Deep cervical arteryThe deep cervical artery (profunda cervicalis) is an artery of the neck. CourseIt arises, in most cases, from the costocervical trunk, and is analogous to the posterior branch of an aortic intercostal artery: occasionally it is a separate branch from the subclavian artery.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.