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In the Hebrew Bible, Tophet or Topheth (Biblical Hebrew: תֹּפֶת, romanized: Tōp̄eṯ; Ancient Greek: Ταφέθ, romanized: taphéth; Latin: Topheth) is a location in Jerusalem in the Valley of Hinnom (Gehenna), where worshipers engaged in a ritual involving "passing a child through the fire", most likely child sacrifice. Traditionally, the sacrifices have been ascribed to a god named Moloch.

Child sacrificeChild sacrificeChild sacrifice is the ritualistic killing of children in order to please or appease a God, deity, supernatural beings, or sacred social order, tribal, group or national loyalties in order to achieve a desired result. As such, it is a form of human sacrifice. Child sacrifice is thought to be an extreme extension of the idea that the more important the object of sacrifice, the more devout the person rendering it.MolochMolochMoloch, Molech, or Molek is a word which appears in the Hebrew Bible several times, primarily in the Book of Leviticus. The Greek Septuagint translates many of these instances as "their king", but maintains the word or name Moloch in others, including one additional time in the Book of Amos where the Hebrew text does not attest the name. The Bible strongly condemns practices that are associated with Moloch, which are heavily implied to include child sacrifice.GehennaGehennaGehenna ( ; Ancient Greek: Γέεννα, romanized: Géenna) or Gehinnom (Hebrew: גֵּיא בֶן־הִנֹּם, romanized: Gēʾ ḇen-Hīnnōm or גֵי־הִנֹּם, Gē-Hīnnōm, 'Valley of Hinnom') is a Biblical toponym that has acquired various theological connotations, including as a place of divine punishment, in Jewish eschatology. The place is first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as part of the border between the tribes of Judah and Benjamin (Joshua 15:8).PhoeniciaPhoeniciaThe Phoenicians were an ancient Semitic-speaking people who inhabited city-states in Canaan along the Levantine coast of the , primarily in present-day Lebanon. Their maritime civilization expanded and contracted over time, with its cultural core stretching from Arwad to Mount Carmel. Through trade and colonization, the Phoenicians extended their influence across the Mediterranean, from Cyprus to the Maghreb and Iberian Peninsula, leaving behind thousands of inscriptions.JosiahJosiahJosiah (Koine Greek: Ἰωσίας; Latin: Iosias) or Yoshiyahu (Biblical Hebrew: יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ, romanized: Yōʾšiyyāhū, lit.'healed or supported by Yahweh') was the 16th king of Judah (c. 640–609 BC). Described as "one of Judah's most important kings," his reign likely marked a turning point in the development of Yahwism.Hebrew BibleHebrew BibleJewish canon of Hebrew biblical scripturesIsaiahIsaiahIsaiah (UK: or US: ; Hebrew: יְשַׁעְיָהוּ, Yəšaʿyāhū, "Yahweh is salvation"; also known as Isaias or Esaias from Greek: Ἠσαΐας) was the Israelite prophet, dated to the 8th century BC, after whom the Book of Isaiah is named. The text of the Book of Isaiah refers to Isaiah as "the prophet", but the exact relationship between the Book of Isaiah and the actual prophet Isaiah is complicated.JeremiahJeremiahJeremiah (c. 650 – c. 570 BC), also called Jeremias, and occasionally in older English texts Jeremy, was one of the major prophets of the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition, Jeremiah authored the book that bears his name, the Books of Kings, and the Book of Lamentations, with the assistance and under the editorship of Baruch ben Neriah, his scribe and disciple.EzekielEzekielEzekiel, also spelled Ezechiel (; Hebrew: יְחֶזְקֵאל, romanized: Yəḥezqēl; Koine Greek: Ἰεζεκιήλ, romanized: Iezekiḗl), was an Israelite priest. The Book of Ezekiel, relating his visions and acts, is named after him. The Abrahamic religions acknowledge Ezekiel as a prophet. According to the narrative, Ezekiel prophesied the destruction of Judah's capital city Jerusalem.JerusalemJerusalemCity in the Southern LevantMetropolis in Israel and Palestine, IsraelAncient GreekAncient GreekAncient Greek (Ἑλληνική, Hellēnikḗ [hellɛːnikɛ̌ː]) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (c. 1400 – c. 1200 BC), Dark Ages (c. 1200 – c. 800 BC), the Archaic or Homeric period (c. 800 – c. 500 BC), and the Classical period (c. 500 – c. 300 BC).LatinLatinLatin (lingua Latina or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy. Through the expansion of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire.

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