Adverse effectAn adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention, such as surgery. An adverse effect may be termed a "side effect", when judged to be secondary to a main or therapeutic effect. The term complication is similar to adverse effect, but the latter is typically used in pharmacological contexts, or when the negative effect is expected or common.Drug toleranceDrug tolerance or drug insensitivity is a pharmacological concept describing subjects' reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use. Drug tolerance develops gradually over time. Increasing its dosage may re-amplify the drug's effects; however, this may accelerate tolerance, further reducing the drug's effects. Drug tolerance is indicative of drug use but is not necessarily associated with drug dependence or addiction.
Tricyclic antidepressantClass of medicationsTricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants. TCAs were discovered in the early 1950s and were marketed later in the decade. They are named after their chemical structure, which contains three rings of atoms. Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), which contain four rings of atoms, are a closely related group of antidepressant compounds.
SedationSedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure. Examples of drugs which can be used for sedation include isoflurane, diethyl ether, propofol, etomidate, ketamine, pentobarbital, lorazepam and midazolam.AnticholinergicAn anticholinergic or anticholinergic agent is a type of substance that blocks the action of the acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter at synapses in the central and peripheral nervous system. These agents inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system by selectively blocking the binding of ACh to its receptor in nerve cells.
Orthostatic hypotensionOrthostatic hypotension, also known as postural hypotension or a headrush, is a medical condition wherein a person's blood pressure drops (hypotension) when they are standing up (orthostasis) or sitting down. Primary orthostatic hypotension is also often referred to as neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. The drop in blood pressure may be sudden (vasovagal orthostatic hypotension), within 3 minutes (classic orthostatic hypotension) or gradual (delayed orthostatic hypotension).
DuloxetineSNRI medicationPharmaceutical compoundDuloxetine, sold under the brand name Cymbalta among others, is a medication used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, and other types of chronic pain. It is taken by mouth. Duloxetine is a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). The precise mechanism for its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects is not known.
MilnacipranMilnacipran, sold under the brand name Savella among others, is a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used in the clinical treatment of fibromyalgia, major depressive disorder, and neuropathic pain. In the US, it is solely approved for the treatment of fibromyalgia, even though it is also approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (but not fibromyalgia) in other countries (e.g., France).
IsocarboxazidIsocarboxazid, sold under the brand name Marplan among others, is a non-selective irreversiblemonoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class. Along with phenelzine and tranylcypromine, it is one of the three classic irreversible, non-selective MAOIs used as antidepressants in modern psychiatric practice.
VilazodoneVilazodone, sold under the brand name Viibryd among others, is a medication used to treat major depressive disorder. It is classified as a serotonin modulator and is taken by mouth. Its common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and trouble sleeping.Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitorClass of antidepressant medicationSerotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressantmedications used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, chronic neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and menopausal symptoms. Off-label uses include treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).
Drug intoleranceDrug intolerance or drug sensitivity refers to an inability to tolerate the adverse effects of a medication, generally at therapeutic or subtherapeutic doses. Conversely, a patient is said to be "tolerating" a drug when they can tolerate its adverse effects. Some instances of drug intolerance are known to result from genetic variations in drug metabolism.
Antimigraine drugAntimigraine drugs are medications intended to reduce the effects or intensity of migraineheadache. They include drugs for the treatment of acute migraine symptoms as well as drugs for the prevention of migraine attacks. Treatment of acute symptomsExamples of specific antimigraine drug classes include triptans (first line option), ergot alkaloids, ditans and gepants.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.