Timurid EmpireThe Timurid Empire was a late medievalTurco-Mongol, culturally Persianate, Muslimempire that dominated Greater Iran in the early 15th century, comprising modern-day Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, the South Caucasus, and parts of contemporary Pakistan, North India, and Turkey. The empire had a syncretic culture and combined Turkic, Mongolic, and Persian influences, with the last members of the dynasty being regarded as "ideal Perso-Islamic rulers".
Timurid dynastyThe Timurid dynasty, self-designated as Gurkani, was the ruling dynasty of the Timurid Empire (1370–1507). It was a Sunni Muslim dynasty from the Barlāsclan of Turco-Mongol origin descended from the warlord Timur (also known as Tamerlane). The word "Gurkani" derives from Gurkân (گورکان)—a Persianized form of the Mongolian word kürgen, meaning 'son-in-law'.
Timurid RenaissanceThe Timurid Renaissance was a period in Asian and Islamic history, following the Islamic Golden Age, and spanning from the late 14th to the early 16th centuries, which saw the revival of the arts and sciences under the Timurid Empire. Its movement spread across the Muslim world. The French word renaissance meaning "rebirth", is used to refer to a period of cultural revival.
TransoxianaTransoxiana or Transoxania (lit.'Land beyond the Oxus', now called the Amu Darya) is the Latin name for the region and civilization located in lower Central Asia roughly corresponding to eastern Uzbekistan, western Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan and parts of southern Kazakhstan, and of Turkmenistan. The name was coined by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCE when Alexander's troops conquered the region.
BarlasThe Barlas (Mongolian: ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠰ, Барлас, romanized: Bārulās; Chagatai Turkic/Persian: برلاس, Barlās; also Berlās) were a Mongol tribe which later underwent Turkification in Central Asia, forming a nomadic confederation.
Turco-Mongol traditionThe Turco-Mongol or Turko-Mongol tradition was an ethnocultural synthesis that arose in Asia during the 13-14th century among the ruling elites of the Golden Horde and the Chagatai Khanate. The ruling Mongol elites of these khanates eventually assimilated into the Turkic populations that they conquered and ruled over, thus becoming known as Turco-Mongols.
Hafiz-i AbruHafiz-i Abru (Classical Persian: حافظ ابرو, romanized: Ḥāfiẓ-i Abrū; died June 1430) was a Persian historian working in the court of Shah Rukh. His full name is Abd Allah (or Nur Allah) ibn Lutf Allah ibn Abd al-Rashid Bihdadini. LifeHafiz-i Abru was born in Khorasan and studied in Hamadān. He entered Timur's court in the 1380s; after the death of Timur, Hafiz-i Abru continued in the service of Timur's son, Shah Rukh, in Herat.
HafezKhajeh Shams-od-Din Mohammad Hafez Shirazi (1325–1390), also known by his pen nameHafez, was a Persianlyric poet whose collected works are regarded by many Iranians as one of the highest pinnacles of Persian literature. His works are often found in the homes of Persian speakers, who learn his poems by heart and use them as everyday proverbs and sayings.
AfghanistanCountry in Central and South AsiaAfghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east.
Ibn KhaldunIbn Khaldūn (27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732–808 AH) was an Arab Tunisian scholar, historian, philosopher, and sociologist. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest social scientists of the Middle Ages, and is considered by a number of scholars to be a major forerunner of historiography, sociology, economics, and demography studies.
Central AsiaSubregion of the Asian continentCentral Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and most of Kazakhstan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian suffix "-stan" (meaning 'land') in both respective native languages and most other languages.
IranIran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and historically known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a population of over 92 million, Iran ranks 17th globally in both geographic size and population.
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