Definition of terrorismThere is no legal or scientific consensus on the definition of terrorism. Various legal systems and government agencies use different definitions of terrorism, and governments have been reluctant to formulate an agreed-upon legally binding definition. Difficulties arise from the fact that the term has become politically and emotionally charged.
Reign of Terror1793–1794 political violence in FranceHistorical caricature of the Reign of Terror.Bertrand Barère by Jean-Louis Laneuville.The Reign of Terror (French: La Terreur, lit.
Basque conflictBelligerentsSpainErtzaintzaNational Police CorpsSpanish ArmyCivil GuardArmed Police CorpsAnti-Terrorist Liberation Groups (GAL) (1983–1987)FranceNational GendarmerieNational PoliceUnaligned and anti-separatist paramilitary groups:Spanish Basque Battalion (1975–1981)Anti-Communist Apostolic Alliance (1976–1983)Spanish Armed Groups (1979–1980)Warriors of Christ the King (1968–1980) (unknown) (1970s) (unknown) (2009)Basque National Liberation Movement:Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (1959–2018)Iparretarrak (1972–2000)Iraultza (1982–1996)Autonomous Anti-Capitalist Commandos (late 1970s–1980s)Irrintzi (2005–2009)Kale borroka (1990s–2000s) (1980s) (1977–1979)Casualties and losses387 Spanish law enforcement agents killed120+ off-duty Spanish soldiers killed1 French policeman killedSpanish civilians killed by ETA attacks: Between 340 and 450 (including minors)2,400 wounded and 1,325 permanently incapacitated Unknown140 militants killed by law enforcement agencies101 militants killed in criminal cases involving various parties44 militants killed by their own explosives4,250 woundedc.Public policyPublic policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and problematic social issues, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs. These policies govern various aspects of life, including education, health care, employment, finance, economics, transportation, and society as a whole. The implementation of public policy is known as public administration.
FearBasic emotion induced by a perceived threat"Fear", from Charles le Brun: "Caractères des passions", c. 1720Fear is an emotional state which is aroused by threatening situations. It is usually considered to be a negative, unpleasant emotion. The feeling of fear can result directly from certain kinds of sensory stimulation, such as sounds which resemble screaming.
The Troubles1960s–1998 conflict in Northern IrelandBelligerentsState security forces:British Armed ForcesRoyal Ulster ConstabularyIrish Defence ForcesGardaíIrish republican paramilitaries:Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA)Irish National Liberation Army (INLA)Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA)Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA)Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA)Irish People's Liberation Organisation (IPLO)Ulster loyalist paramilitaries:Ulster Defence Association (UDA)Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF)Red Hand Commando (RHC)Ulster Resistance (UR)Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF)Ulster Protestant Volunteers (UPV)Casualties and lossesBritish Army: 705(incl.
WarWar is an armed conflict between the armed forces of states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organized groups. It is generally characterized by widespread violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. War aims typically involve the pursuit of political, economic, or territorial objectives.
Israeli–Palestinian conflictOngoing military and political conflict in West AsiaBelligerentsIsraelPre-1948:YishuvBar-GioraHashomerHaganahIrgunLehi1948–present:Israeli security forcesIsraeli settlers(since 1967) PalestiniansPre-1948:Muslim-Christian AssociationsPalestine Arab CongressArab Higher Committee1948–present:1948: Arab Higher CommitteeAll-Palestine ProtectorateArmy of the Holy War 1949–1956: Palestinian fedayeen 1964–2005: PLO(1964–2005)UNLU(1987–1993)Palestinian Authority(1994–2005) 2007–present: Hamas governmentPalestinian Joint Operations Room(2018–present)Casualties and losses 9,901–10,239 killed 104,701–110,887 killedBy event: More than 700,000 Palestinians displaced with a further 413,000 Palestinians displaced in the Six-Day War; 2,000+ Jews displaced in 1948 6,373 Israeli and 13,000–16,000 Palestinian deaths in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.Manipulation (psychology)In psychology, manipulation is defined as a deliberate action that aims to influence or control another person in an underhanded or subtle manner which facilitates one's personal motives. Methods someone may use to manipulate another person may include seduction, suggestion, coercion, and blackmail. Manipulation is generally considered a dishonest form of social influence as it is used at the expense of others.
RandomnessIn common usage, randomness is the apparent or actual lack of definite patterns or predictability in information. A random sequence of events, symbols or steps often has no order and does not follow an intelligible pattern or combination. Individual random events are, by definition, unpredictable, but if there is a known probability distribution, the frequency of different outcomes over repeated events (or "trials") is predictable.
Non-combatantIn the law of war, a non-combatant is a person who is not or is no longer actively participating in hostilities during a war. This includes civilians, prisoners of war, and wounded, sick or injured former combatants (hors de combat).
PoliticsPolitics is the activity of settling affairs in an organized society. Politics is usually concerned with resolving issues within a society via a government. Politicians are individuals engaged in the activity of politics. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science.
PeacePeace is a state of harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. In a societal sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict and freedom from fear of violence between individuals or groups. Promotion of peace is a core tenet of many philosophies, religions, and ideologies.
Reign of Terror1793–1794 political violence in FranceHistorical caricature of the Reign of Terror.Bertrand Barère by Jean-Louis Laneuville.The Reign of Terror (French: La Terreur, lit.Basque conflictBelligerentsSpainErtzaintzaNational Police CorpsSpanish ArmyCivil GuardArmed Police CorpsAnti-Terrorist Liberation Groups (GAL) (1983–1987)FranceNational GendarmerieNational PoliceUnaligned and anti-separatist paramilitary groups:Spanish Basque Battalion (1975–1981)Anti-Communist Apostolic Alliance (1976–1983)Spanish Armed Groups (1979–1980)Warriors of Christ the King (1968–1980) (unknown) (1970s) (unknown) (2009)Basque National Liberation Movement:Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (1959–2018)Iparretarrak (1972–2000)Iraultza (1982–1996)Autonomous Anti-Capitalist Commandos (late 1970s–1980s)Irrintzi (2005–2009)Kale borroka (1990s–2000s) (1980s) (1977–1979)Casualties and losses387 Spanish law enforcement agents killed120+ off-duty Spanish soldiers killed1 French policeman killedSpanish civilians killed by ETA attacks: Between 340 and 450 (including minors)2,400 wounded and 1,325 permanently incapacitated Unknown140 militants killed by law enforcement agencies101 militants killed in criminal cases involving various parties44 militants killed by their own explosives4,250 woundedc.Public policyPublic policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and problematic social issues, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs. These policies govern various aspects of life, including education, health care, employment, finance, economics, transportation, and society as a whole. The implementation of public policy is known as public administration.FearBasic emotion induced by a perceived threat"Fear", from Charles le Brun: "Caractères des passions", c. 1720Fear is an emotional state which is aroused by threatening situations. It is usually considered to be a negative, unpleasant emotion. The feeling of fear can result directly from certain kinds of sensory stimulation, such as sounds which resemble screaming.The Troubles1960s–1998 conflict in Northern IrelandBelligerentsState security forces:British Armed ForcesRoyal Ulster ConstabularyIrish Defence ForcesGardaíIrish republican paramilitaries:Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA)Irish National Liberation Army (INLA)Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA)Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA)Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA)Irish People's Liberation Organisation (IPLO)Ulster loyalist paramilitaries:Ulster Defence Association (UDA)Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF)Red Hand Commando (RHC)Ulster Resistance (UR)Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF)Ulster Protestant Volunteers (UPV)Casualties and lossesBritish Army: 705(incl.WarWar is an armed conflict between the armed forces of states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organized groups. It is generally characterized by widespread violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. War aims typically involve the pursuit of political, economic, or territorial objectives.Israeli–Palestinian conflictOngoing military and political conflict in West AsiaBelligerentsIsraelPre-1948:YishuvBar-GioraHashomerHaganahIrgunLehi1948–present:Israeli security forcesIsraeli settlers(since 1967) PalestiniansPre-1948:Muslim-Christian AssociationsPalestine Arab CongressArab Higher Committee1948–present:1948: Arab Higher CommitteeAll-Palestine ProtectorateArmy of the Holy War 1949–1956: Palestinian fedayeen 1964–2005: PLO(1964–2005)UNLU(1987–1993)Palestinian Authority(1994–2005) 2007–present: Hamas governmentPalestinian Joint Operations Room(2018–present)Casualties and losses 9,901–10,239 killed 104,701–110,887 killedBy event: More than 700,000 Palestinians displaced with a further 413,000 Palestinians displaced in the Six-Day War; 2,000+ Jews displaced in 1948 6,373 Israeli and 13,000–16,000 Palestinian deaths in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.Manipulation (psychology)In psychology, manipulation is defined as a deliberate action that aims to influence or control another person in an underhanded or subtle manner which facilitates one's personal motives. Methods someone may use to manipulate another person may include seduction, suggestion, coercion, and blackmail. Manipulation is generally considered a dishonest form of social influence as it is used at the expense of others.RandomnessIn common usage, randomness is the apparent or actual lack of definite patterns or predictability in information. A random sequence of events, symbols or steps often has no order and does not follow an intelligible pattern or combination. Individual random events are, by definition, unpredictable, but if there is a known probability distribution, the frequency of different outcomes over repeated events (or "trials") is predictable.Non-combatantIn the law of war, a non-combatant is a person who is not or is no longer actively participating in hostilities during a war. This includes civilians, prisoners of war, and wounded, sick or injured former combatants (hors de combat).PoliticsPolitics is the activity of settling affairs in an organized society. Politics is usually concerned with resolving issues within a society via a government. Politicians are individuals engaged in the activity of politics. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science.PeacePeace is a state of harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. In a societal sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict and freedom from fear of violence between individuals or groups. Promotion of peace is a core tenet of many philosophies, religions, and ideologies.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.