Sasanian EmpireThe Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr (Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩, romanized: Ērānšahr, lit. 'Empire of the Iranians'), was an Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651 AD (the era of late antiquity). Lasting for over four centuries, the length of the Sasanian dynasty's reign over ancient Iran was second only to that of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia which immediately preceded it.
Al-HiraAncient Mesopotamian city Hiraal-Ḥīra (Arabic)A 15th-century Persian miniature describing the construction of Khawarnaq in Hira, the capital city of the Lakhmids; miniature painting by Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād.Location within Iraq31°59′N 44°23′E / 31.98°N 44.39°E / 31.98; 44.39TypeAncient cityPeriods3rd-7th centuries CECulturesLakhmid, SasanianSatellite ofSasanian EmpireAssociated withLakhmid ArabsLocationIraqRegionNajaf GovernorateHistoryBuilt3rd century CE (Kingdom of the Lakhmids)Event(s)Battle of Hira (633 CE, Arab conquest of Iran) Al-Hira (Arabic: الحيرة, romanized: al-Ḥīra Middle Persian: Hērt ) was an ancient city and a major metropolis located in Mesopotamia, in what is now south-central Iraq.
ArabicCentral Semitic languageArabic is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic.
GhassanidsChristian Arab tribe The Ghassanids, also known as the Jafnids, were an Arab Christian kingdom. A confederation of Arab tribes based in the Levant, Genealogies trace their ancestry back to the Azd tribe of Arabia. They became clients of the Roman Empire, serving as foederati responsible for defending the eastern frontier of the empire against Bedouin raids and rival powers.
Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, it endured until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. The term 'Byzantine Empire' was coined only after its demise; its citizens used the term 'Roman Empire' and called themselves 'Romans'.
Lakhmid kingdomArab monarchy (c. 268–602) The Lakhmid kingdom (Arabic: اللخميون al-Lakhmiyyūn), also known as al-Manādhirah (المناذرة), was an Arab kingdom that ruled parts of Southern Mesopotamia and northeastern Arabia from the late 3rd century until 602 CE. Governed by the Nasrid dynasty of the Banu Lakhm tribe, the kingdom was centered on Al-Hira, which served as its capital and political base.
Arabian PeninsulaThe Arabian Peninsula, or simply Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia. It accounts for the majority of the land situated on the Arabian plate. With an area of 3,237,500 km2 (1.25 million mi2), it is the world's largest peninsula—roughly comparable in size to India. Nine countries are located on the Arabian Peninsula: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen, as well as the southern halves of Iraq and Jordan.
Shammar MountainsThe Shammar Mountains (Arabic: جِبَال شَمَّر, romanized: Jibāl Shammar) is a mountain range in the northwestern Saudi Arabianprovince of Ha'il. It includes the Ajā (أَجَا) and Salma subranges. GeologyThe Aja Mountains are to an extent made up of granite, whereas the Salma are made up of basalt.
Salma MountainsThe Salma Mountains (Arabic: جِبَال سَلْمَى, romanized: Jibāl Salmā) is a mountain range in Ha'il Province, Saudi Arabia. Like the Ajā, this range is part of the Shammar range.
Ancient South Arabian scriptThe Ancient South Arabian script (Old South Arabian: 𐩣𐩯𐩬𐩵, romanized: msnd; modern Arabic: الْمُسْنَدmusnad) branched from the Proto-Sinaitic script in about the late 2nd millennium BCE, and remained in use through the late sixth century CE. It is an abjad, a writing system where only consonants are obligatorily written, a trait shared with its predecessor, Proto-Sinaitic, as well as some of its sibling writing systems, including Arabic and Hebrew.
PatronymicA patronymic, or patronym, is a personal name, or component of a personal name, based on the given name of one's father, grandfather (more specifically an ), or an earlier male ancestor. It is the male equivalent of a matronymic. Patronymics are used, by custom or official policy, in many countries worldwide, although elsewhere their use has been replaced by or transformed into patronymic surnames.Nisba (onomastics)In Arabic names, a nisba (Arabic: نسبة nisbah, "attribution"), also rendered as nesba or nesbat, is an adjective surname indicating the person's place of origin, ancestral tribe, or ancestry, used at the end of the surname. Examples of this suffix included at the end of a surname include: -at (eg: Obeidat), -i (eg: Al Masri), -awi (eg: Badawi), -iyy for masculine and -iyyah for feminine.
ArabsEthnic groupArabs (Arabic: عَرَب) are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa. A significant Arab diaspora is present in various parts of the world. Before the spread of Arabic language in the wake of the Arab conquests, "Arab" largely referred to the Semitic inhabitants—both settled and nomadic—of the Arabian Peninsula and the Syrian Desert.
ܛܝܝܐRelated word or term.tʾcyk'Related word or term.تازیRelated word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.