First Jewish–Roman WarRebellion against Roman rule (66–73/74 CE)BelligerentsRoman EmpireJudean provisional governmentSupported by:AdiabeneZealotsGalileansPeasantry factionIdumaeansSicariiCommanders and leadersGessius Florus(66)Cestius Gallus(66)Vespasian(67–69)Titus(67–71)Lucilius Bassus(71–72)Flavius Silva(72–73/74)Herod Agrippa IIAnanus ben Ananus †Joshua ben Gamla †Joseph ben Gurion †Niger the Perean †Josephus Eleazar ben Simon †Eleazar ben Hanania †Judah ben Ari †John of Giscala (POW)Simon bar Giora Jacob ben SosaMenahem ben Judah Eleazar ben Ya'ir †StrengthGallus' force: 29,548 (66)Vespasian's force: 60,000 (67–69)Titus's force: 50,000 (69–70)Silva's force: 8,000 troops (74) Unknown UnknownAccording to Josephus, 1.1 million died in Jerusalem and 100,000 in Galilee.According to modern analysis, a significant part of Judaea's population died, possibly one-quarter.
JosephusFlavius Josephus (born Yosef ben Mattityahu; c. AD 36 – c. 100) was a Roman–Jewish historian and military leader. Best known for writing The Jewish War, he was born in Jerusalem—then part of the Roman province of Judea—to a father of priestly descent and a mother who claimed Hasmonean royal ancestry.
TiberiasTiberias ( ty-BEER-ee-əs; Hebrew: טְבֶרְיָה, ; Arabic: طَبَرِيَّا, romanized: Ṭabariyyā) is a city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee in northern Israel. A major Jewish center during Late Antiquity, it has been considered since the 18th century one of Judaism's Four Holy Cities, along with Jerusalem, Hebron, and Safed. In 2024, it had a population of 52,123.
VespasianRoman emperor from AD 69 to 79DynastyFlavianFatherTitus Flavius SabinusMotherVespasia PollaVespasian (; Latin: Vespasianus; 17 November 9 AD – 23 June 79) was Roman emperor from 69 to 79. The last emperor to reign in the Year of the Four Emperors, he founded the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the empire for 27 years. His fiscal reforms and consolidation of the empire brought political stability and an extensive building program.
MagdalaMagdala (Aramaic: מגדלא, romanized: Magdalā, lit. 'Tower'; Hebrew: מִגְדָּל, romanized: Migdál; Ancient Greek: Μαγδαλά, romanized: Magdalá) was an ancient Jewish city on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, 5 km (3 miles) north of Tiberias. In the Babylonian Talmud it is known as Magdala Nunayya (Aramaic: מגדלא נוניה, lit. 'Tower of the Fishes'), and which some historical geographers think may refer to Tarichaea (lit.
Roman legionLargest military unit of the Roman army The Roman Empire under Hadrian (r. 117–138), showing the legions deployed in its senatorial provinces The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, Latin: [ˈɫɛɡioː]) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry.
Greek languageIndo-European languageGreek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, romanized: elliniká; Ancient Greek: ἑλληνική, romanized: hellēnikḗ) is an Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family.
NeroNero (Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68) was Roman emperor from AD 54 until his suicide in AD 68, as the final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was born at Antium in AD 37, the son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger (great-granddaughter of the emperor Augustus). Nero was three when his father died.
Sea of GalileeThe Sea of Galilee, also called Lake Tiberias, Genezareth Lake or Kinneret, is a freshwater lake in northeast Israel. It is the lowest freshwater lake on Earth and the second-lowest lake in the world (after the Dead Sea, a salt lake), with its elevation fluctuating between 215 and 209 metres (705 and 686 ft) below sea level (depending on rainfall). It is approximately 53 km (33 mi) in circumference, about 21 km (13 mi) long, and 13 km (8 mi) wide.List of Greek place namesThis is a list of Greek place names as they exist in the Greek language.GamlaGamla (Imperial Aramaic: גמלא, lit. 'the camel'), also Gamala, was an ancient Jewish town on the Golan Heights. Believed to have been founded as a Seleucid fort during the Syrian Wars, it transitioned into a predominantly Jewish settlement that came under Hasmonean rule in 81 BCE. The town's name reflects its location on a high, elongated ridge with steep slopes resembling a camel's hump. Gamla served as a key rebel stronghold during the Great Jewish Revolt against Rome.
Al-SinnabraAl-Sinnabra or Sinn en-Nabra, is the Arabic place name for a historic site on the southern shore of the Sea of Galilee in modern-day Israel. The ancient site lay on a spur from the hills that close the southern end of the Sea of Galilee, next to which towards its south being the tell, Khirbet Kerak or Bet Yerah, one of the largest in the Levant, spanning an area of over 50 acres.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.