Qays–Yaman rivalryThe Qays–Yaman rivalry refers to the rivalry between the tribal factions of Qays–Mudar and the Yaman. The history of the rivalry centers mainly within the armies and administrations of the Umayyad Caliphate in the 7th and 8th centuries, but persisted to varying degrees among the Arabs through Ottoman rule (1517–1918).
QaysQays ʿAylān (Arabic: قيس عيلان), often referred to simply as Qays (Kais or Ḳays) were an Arab tribal confederation that branched from the Mudar group. The tribe may not have functioned as a unit in pre-Islamic Arabia (before 630). However, by the early Umayyad Caliphate (661-750), its constituent tribes consolidated into one of the main tribal political factions of the caliphate.
Umayyad CaliphateSecond Islamic caliphate (661–750)
Al-HiraAl-Hira (Arabic: الحيرة, romanized: al-ḤīraMiddle Persian: Hērt ) was an ancient city and a major metropolis located in Mesopotamia, in what is now south-central Iraq. It was the capital city of the Lakhmid kingdom, the major Arabclient kingdom of the Sasanian Empire in pre-Islamic times, between the fourth and the seventh centuries. In Islamic times, it remained inhabited until the tenth century.
Banu BakrThe Banu Bakr bin Wa'il (Arabic: بنو بكر بن وائلBanū Bakr ibn Wā'il), or simply Banu Bakr, today known as Bani Bakr is an Arabian tribe belonging to the large Rabi'ah, a branch of Adnanite tribe. It is registered as one of the oldest and most ancient Arab gatherings. The tribe is reputed to have engaged in many of the major wars of pre-Islamic Arabia, including the Basus War and the First Battle of Kulab.
Upper MesopotamiaUpper Mesopotamia constitutes the uplands and great outwash plain of northwestern Iraq, northeastern Syria and southeastern Turkey, in the northern Middle East. Since the early Muslim conquests of the mid-7th century, the region has been known by the traditional Arabic name of al-Jazira (Arabic: الجزيرة, lit.'the island', also transliterated Djazirah, Djezirah, Jazirah) and the Syriac variant Gāzartā or Gozarto (ܓܙܪܬܐ).
Lower MesopotamiaLower Mesopotamia is a historical region of Mesopotamia. It is located in the alluvial plain of Iraq from the Hamrin Mountains to the Faw Peninsula near the Persian Gulf. In the Middle Ages it was also known as the Sawad and al-Jazira al-sflia ("Lower Jazira"), which strictly speaking designated only the southern alluvial plain, and Arab Iraq, as opposed to Persian Iraq, the Jibal. Lower Mesopotamia was home to Sumer and Babylonia.
Pre-Islamic ArabiaThe era of pre-Islamic Arabia encompasses human history in parts of the Arabian Peninsula and the Southern Levant before the spread of Islam beginning in 610 CE. During the prehistoric period, humans first migrated and settled into the peninsula. In the early first millennium BC, writing and recorded history are introduced into the Peninsula, along with the rise of the first kingdoms in the south.
AdnanitesThe Adnanites (Arabic: عَدْنَانِيُّون, romanized: ʿadnāniyyūn) were a tribal confederation of the IshmaeliteArabs who originate from the Hejaz. They trace their lineage back to Ishmael, son of the Islamic prophet and patriarchAbraham and his wife Hagar, through Adnan. The Islamic prophet Muhammad belonged to the Quraysh tribe of the 'Adnanites'.
MiaphysitismMiaphysitism () is the Christological doctrine that holds Jesus, the IncarnateWord, is fully divine and fully human, in one nature or physis (Ancient Greek: φύσις). It is the position held by the Oriental Orthodox Churches.
Lakhmid kingdomArab monarchy (c. 268–602) The Lakhmid kingdom (Arabic: اللخميون al-Lakhmiyyūn), also known as al-Manādhirah (المناذرة), was an Arab kingdom that ruled parts of Southern Mesopotamia and northeastern Arabia from the late 3rd century until 602 CE. Governed by the Nasrid dynasty of the Banu Lakhm tribe, the kingdom was centered on Al-Hira, which served as its capital and political base.
ArabsEthnic groupArabs (Arabic: عَرَب) are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa. A significant Arab diaspora is present in various parts of the world. Before the spread of Arabic language in the wake of the Arab conquests, "Arab" largely referred to the Semitic inhabitants—both settled and nomadic—of the Arabian Peninsula and the Syrian Desert.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.