HyphenThe hyphen‐ is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation. The hyphen is sometimes confused with dashes (en dash–, em dash— and others), which are wider, or with the minus sign−, which is also wider and usually drawn a little higher to match the crossbar in the plus sign+. As an orthographic concept, the hyphen is a single entity.
English orthographyNorms for writing the English languageEnglish orthography comprises the set of rules used when writing the English language, allowing readers and writers to associate written graphemes with the sounds of spoken English, as well as other features of the language. English's orthography includes norms for spelling, hyphenation, capitalisation, word breaks, emphasis, and punctuation. As with the orthographies of most other world languages, written English is broadly standardised.
International Phonetic AlphabetSystem of phonetic notationThe International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association, starting in the late 19th century, as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech.
Space (punctuation)In writing, a space () is a blank area that separates words, sentences, and other written or printed glyphs (characters). Conventions for spacing vary among languages, and in some languages the spacing rules are complex. Inter-word spaces ease the reader's task of identifying words, and avoid outright ambiguities such as "now here" vs. "nowhere". They also provide convenient guides for where a human or program may start new lines.SyllableUnit of speech sounds A syllable is a basic unit of organization within a sequence of speech sounds, such as within a word. In phonology and studies of languages, syllables are often considered the "building blocks" of words. A syllable usually consists of a nucleus (most often a vowel), which may be preceded by an onset and followed by a coda (collectively margins, which are most often consonants).
Morphology (linguistics)In linguistics, morphology is the study of how words are formed, and how they relate to one another within a language. Most approaches to morphology investigate the structure of words in terms of morphemes, which are the smallest units in a language with some independent meaning or grammatical function. Morphemes include roots that can exist as words by themselves, but also categories such as affixes that can only appear as part of a larger word.
WordA word is a basic element of language that carries meaning, can be used on its own, and is uninterruptible. Despite the fact that language speakers often have an intuitive grasp of what a word is, there is no consensus among linguists on its definition and numerous attempts to find specific criteria of the concept remain controversial.
UnicodeCharacter encoding standardUnicode (also known as The Unicode Standard and TUS) is a character encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text in all of the world's writing systems that can be digitized. Version 18.0 defines 172,808 characters and 175 scripts used in various ordinary, literary, academic and technical contexts.
Middle dotTypographical symbol ·oMiddle dotIn UnicodeU+00B7 · MIDDLE DOT (·, ·, ·)Different fromDifferent fromU+2027 ‧ HYPHENATION POINT U+2219 ∙ BULLET OPERATOR U+22C5 ⋅ DOT OPERATOR U+A78F ꞏ LATIN LETTER SINOLOGICAL DOTRelatedSee alsoU+02D1 ˑ MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON A middle dot (·), also known as an interpoint, interpunct, raised dot, middot, medial point, or centered dot, is a punctuation mark consisting of a vertically centered dot that appears in a variety of uses in some modern languages.PhoneticsPhonetics is a branch of linguistics that mainly concerns the articulation, sound wave properties, and perception of speech sounds. The field of phonetics is traditionally divided into three sub-disciplines: articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics, and auditory phonetics. Linguists who specialize in studying these physical properties of vocalization are phoneticians. Traditionally, the minimal linguistic unit of phonetics is the phone, an individual speech sound.
Typographic alignmentIn typesetting and page layout, alignment or range is the setting of text flow or image placement relative to a page, column (measure), table cell, or tab (and often to an image above it or under it). The type alignment setting is sometimes referred to as text alignment, text justification, or type justification. The edge of a page or column is known as a margin, and a gap between columns is known as a gutter.
EtymologyEtymology ( ) is the study of the origin and evolution of words—including their constituent units of sound and meaning—across time. In the 21st century, as a subfield within linguistics, etymology has become an increasingly rigorous scientific field of study.
TypographyTypography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written languagelegible and readable when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line spacing, letter spacing, and spaces between pairs of letters. The term typography is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.