Battle of SimancasBelligerentsKingdom of LeónKingdom of PamplonaCaliphate of CórdobaCommanders and leadersJames the Great(according to legend)Ramiro II of LeónFernán González of CastileGarcía Sánchez I of PamplonaAbd-ar-Rahman IIIThe Battle of Simancas (also called Alhandega or al-Khandaq) was a military battle that started on 19 July 939 in the Iberian Peninsula between the troops of the King of LeónRamiro II and Cordovan caliph Abd al-Rahman III near the walls of the city of Simancas.
Ramiro II of LeónRamiro II (c. 900 – 1 January 951), son of Ordoño II and Elvira Menendez, was a King of León from 931 until his death. Initially titular king only of a lesser part of the kingdom, he gained the crown of León (and with it, Galicia) after supplanting his brother Alfonso IV and cousin Alfonso Fróilaz in 931. The scant Anales castellanos primeros are a primary source for his reign.
Province of ValladolidProvince of Castile and León, SpainProvince in Castile and León, SpainThe Province of Valladolid ( ; Spanish:) is a province of northwestern Spain, in the central part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It has a population of 528,644 in an area of 8,110.51 km (3,131.49 sq mi) across its 225 municipalites. The capital is the city of Valladolid. It is bordered by the provinces of Zamora, León, Palencia, Burgos, Segovia, Ávila, and Salamanca.
Abd al-Rahman IIIHouseMarwanidsDynastyUmayyadFatherMuhammad ibn AbdullahMotherMuzna (originally Maria?)ReligionSunni Islam (Malikischool)ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥakam al-Rabdī ibn Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Dākhil al-Marwānī al-Umawī al-Qurashī (Arabic: عبدالرحمن بن محمد بن عبداللہ بن محمد بن عبدالرحمن بن الحكم بن هشام بن عبد الرحمن الداخل المرواني الأموي القرشي; 890–961), or simply ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III, was the UmayyadEmir of Córdoba from 912 to 929, at which point he founded the Caliphate of Córdoba, serving as its first caliph until his death.
SpainCountry in Southern and Western EuropeSpain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union (EU) member state.
ValladolidValladolid ( VAL-ə-də-LID; Spanish: [baʎaðoˈlið] ), also popularly known as Pucela, is a city in Spain and the primary seat of government and de facto capital of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is also the capital of the province of Valladolid. With a population of 299,816 as of 2024, it is the most populated municipality in the region.
PisuergaThe Pisuerga is a river in northern Spain, the Duero's second largest tributary. It rises in the Cantabrian Mountains in the province of Palencia, autonomous region of Castile and León. Its traditional source is called Fuente Cobre, but it has been discovered that the real source is a glacier higher in the mountains. The river flows south into the Douro river shortly after passing through the city of Valladolid. Its length is approximately 270 kilometres (170 mi).
Ancient RomeIn modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC – 476 AD) until the fall of the western empire.
Castile and LeónAutonomous community in northern SpainAutonomous community in SpainCastile and León is an autonomous community of Spain. While a capital has not been explicitly declared, the seats of the executive and legislative powers are set in Valladolid by law, and for all purposes that city (also the most populated municipality) serves as the de facto regional capital.
MunicipalityA municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term municipality may also mean the governing body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district.
Zamora, SpainZamora (Spanish:) is a city and municipality of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital of the province of Zamora. The city straddles the Duero river. With its 24 characteristic Romanesque style churches of the 12th and 13th centuries it has been called a "museum of Romanesque art". Zamora is the city with the most Romanesque churches in all of Europe. The most important celebration in Zamora is Holy Week.
Abd ar-Rahman IIAbd al-Rahman II (Arabic: عبد الرحمن الأوسط; 792–852) was the fourth Umayyad Emir of Córdoba in al-Andalus from 822 until his death in 852. A vigorous and effective frontier warrior, he was also well known as a patron of the arts. Abd al-Rahman was born in Toledo in 792.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.