ChakavianSouth Slavic supradialect or language Chakavian or Čakavian (/tʃæˈkɑːviən/, /tʃə-/, /-ˈkæv-/, Croatian: čakavski [tʃǎːkaʋskiː] proper name: čakavica or čakavština [tʃakǎːʋʃtina] own name: čokovski, čakavski, čekavski) is a South Slavic supradialect or language spoken by Croats along the Adriatic coast, in the historical regions of Dalmatia, Istria, Croatian Littoral and parts of coastal and southern Central Croatia (now collectively referred to as Adriatic Croatia or Littoral Croatia), as well as by the Burgenland Croats as Burgenland Croatian in southeastern Austria, northwestern Hungary and southwestern Slovakia as well as few municipalities in southern Slovenia on the border with Croatia.
Bosnian languageStandard variety of Serbo-Croatian Bosnianbosanski / босанскиbosanski jezik / босански језикPronunciation[bɔ̌sanskiː]Native toBosnia and HerzegovinaSerbiaMontenegroCroatiaNorth MacedoniaKosovoRegionBosnia and surrounding areasEthnicityBosniaksNative speakers3.1 million (2020–2023)Language familyIndo-European Balto-SlavicSlavicSouth SlavicWesternSerbo-CroatianBosnianEarly formsProto-Indo-European Proto-Balto-Slavic Proto-Slavic Proto-Serbo-Croatian Shtokavian Eastern Herzegovinian Writing systemLatin (Gaj's Latin alphabet)Cyrillic (Serbian Cyrillic alphabet)Yugoslav BrailleFormerly:Arabic (Arebica)Bosnian Cyrillic (Bosančica)Official statusOfficial language in Bosnia and Herzegovina Montenegro (co-official)Recognised minoritylanguage in Serbia Croatia North Macedonia KosovoLanguage codesISO 639-1bsISO 639-2bosISO 639-3bosGlottologbosn1245Linguaspherepart of 53-AAA-gCountries where Bosnian is a co-official language (dark green) or a recognised minority language (light green)Bosnian is not endangered according to the classification system of the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.This article contains IPA phonetic symbols.
Croatian languageStandard variety of Serbo-Croatian
KajkavianSouth Slavic supradialect or language Kajkaviankajkavščina / kajkavština / kajkavicaNative toCroatiaEthnicityCroatsLanguage familyIndo-European Balto-SlavicSlavicSouth SlavicWestern South SlavicKajkavianStandard forms Literary Kajkavian Language codesISO 639-3kjv (Kaikavian Literary Language)Glottologkajk1237Kajkavian in CroatiaThis article contains IPA phonetic symbols.
Serbo-CroatianSouth Slavic language Serbo-CroatianBosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbiansrpskohrvatski / српскохрватскиPronunciation[sr̩pskoxř̩ʋaːtskiː]Native toSerbiaCroatiaBosnia and HerzegovinaMontenegroKosovoEthnicitySerbsCroatsBosniaksMontenegrinsNative speakers17 million (2020–2023)Language familyIndo-European Balto-SlavicSlavicSouth SlavicWestern South SlavicSerbo-CroatianStandard forms Bosnian Croatian Montenegrin Serbian Writing system Latin (Gaj's) Cyrillic (Serbian) Yugoslav Braille Formerly: Glagolitic Arabic (Arebica) Cyrillic (Bosančica) Official statusOfficial language in Serbia (as Serbian) Croatia (as Croatian) Bosnia and Herzegovina (as Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian) Montenegro (as Montenegrin) Kosovo (as Serbian) European Union (as Croatian) Recognised minoritylanguage in North Macedonia Hungary Italy Romania Czech Republic Slovakia Regulated by Board for Standardization of the Serbian Language (Serbian) Institute of Croatian Language (Croatian) Language Institute of the University of Sarajevo (Bosnian) Faculty of Montenegrin Language and Literature (Montenegrin) Language codesISO 639-1sh (deprecated)ISO 639-3hbs – inclusive codeIndividual codes:bos – Bosniancnr – Montenegrinhrv – Croatiansrp – SerbianGlottologsout1528 Serbian-Croatian-BosnianLinguasphere53-AAA-gIETFsh Areas where Serbo-Croatian is spoken by a plurality of inhabitants (as of 2005)[needs update]This article contains IPA phonetic symbols.
Bosnia and HerzegovinaCountry in Southeastern EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina, often referred to as Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe. Situated on the Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest, with a 20-kilometre-long (12-mile) coast on the Adriatic Sea in the south. Bosnia has a moderate continental climate with hot summers and cold, snowy winters.
Pluricentric languageA pluricentric language or polycentric language is a language with several codified standard forms, often corresponding to different countries.
Serbian languageStandard variety of Serbo-Croatian
Dialect continuumA dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varieties may not be. This is a typical occurrence with widely spread languages and language families around the world, when these languages did not spread recently.Montenegrin languageMontenegrin (crnogorski / црногорски [tsr̩nǒɡorskiː]) is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Montenegrins. It is the official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian. The language used in Montenegro has historically and traditionally been called Serbian.
Serbian Cyrillic alphabetOfficial Cyrillic writing system for Bosnian, Montenegrin and Serbian
Gaj's Latin alphabetGaj's Latin alphabet is the form of the Latin script used for writing all four standard varieties of Serbo-Croatian: Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian. It contains 30 letters: 22 letters of basic Latin alphabet (excluding Q, W, X, Y), 5 letters with diacritics (Č, Ć, Đ, Š, Ž) and 3 digraphs (Dž, Lj, Nj). Each letter (including digraphs) represents one Serbo-Croatian phoneme, yielding a highly phonemic orthography.
Prestige (sociolinguistics)Prestige in sociolinguistics is the level of regard normally accorded a specific language or dialect within a speech community, relative to other languages or dialects. Prestige varieties are language or dialect families which are generally considered by a society to be the most "correct" or otherwise superior.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.