Crop-lien systemThe crop-lien system was a system that became widely used by cotton farmers in the United States in the South from the 1860s to the 1940s. HistoryIn the crop-lien system, sharecroppers and tenant farmers, who did not own the land they worked, obtained supplies and food on credit from local merchants. The merchants held a lien on their cotton crop, and the merchants and landowners were the first ones paid from its sale. What was left over went to the farmer.
Tenant farmerA tenant farmer is a farmer or farmworker who resides and works on land owned by a landlord. Tenant farming is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management, while tenant farmers contribute their labor along with at times varying amounts of capital and management.
MetayageThe metayage system is the cultivation of land for a proprietor by one who receives a proportion of the produce, as a kind of sharecropping. Another class of land tenancy in France is named fermage, whereby the rent is paid annually in banknotes. A farm operating under métayage was known as a métairie, the origin of some place names in areas where the system was used, such as Metairie, Louisiana.
MasoveriaA masoveria contract is a Catalan institution dating back to the tenth century and still in wide practice. It is a form of sharecropping by which the owner of a rural farm commissions a natural person (masover, or tenant farmer) to work in the farm in exchange for a percentage of the results of the crop or farm production. It usually involves also the right to live on the estate, often in a property different from the main building, properly known as masoveria.
LandlordA landlord is the owner of property such as a farm, house, apartment, condominium, land, or real estate that is rented or leased to an individual or business, known as a tenant (also called a lessee or renter). The term landlord applies when a juristic person occupies this position. Alternative terms include lessor and owner. For female property owners, the term landlady may be used.
American Civil War1861–1865 conflict in the United StatesBelligerentsUnited States Confederate StatesCommanders and leadersAbraham Lincoln XUlysses S. GrantAndrew Johnsonand others...Jefferson Davis (POW)Robert E. Lee and others...Strength698,000 at peak2,200,000 total360,000 at peak750,000–1,000,000 totalCasualties and losses110,000+ KIA or DOW230,000+ died from accidents or disease25,000–30,000 died in Confederate prisons365,000+ total dead282,000+ wounded181,193 captured828,000+ total casu…
CataloniaCatalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy. Its territory is situated on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, to the south of the Pyrenees mountain range. Catalonia is administratively divided into four provinces or eight vegueries (regions), which are in turn divided into 43 comarques.
ItalyItaly, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe. It consists of a peninsula, which extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as nearly 800 islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino.
FranceCountry primarily in Western EuropeFrance, officially the French Republic, is a country primarily located in Western Europe. Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean.
Castile (historical region)Castile or Castille ( ; Spanish: Castilla) is a territory of imprecise limits located in Spain. The Encyclopædia Britannica defines it as encompassing Old Castile and New Castile, as they were formally defined in the 1833 territorial division of Spain. Castile's name is generally thought to mean "land of castles" (castle in Spanish is castillo), in reference to the castles built in the area to consolidate the Christian Reconquest from the Moors.
Islamic economicsHandling of economics based on Islamic jurisprudence
Reconstruction eraFrom left to right and top to the bottom: The ruins of Richmond, Virginia; newly-freed Black Americans voting for the first time in 1867; office of the Freedmen's Bureau in Memphis, Tennessee; Memphis riots of 1866LocationUnited States(Southern States)IncludingThird Party SystemPresident(s)Abraham LincolnAndrew JohnsonUlysses S. GrantRutherford B. HayesKey eventsFreedmen's BureauAssassination of Abraham LincolnFormation of the KKKReconstruction ActsImpeachment of Andrew John…
Tenant farmerA tenant farmer is a farmer or farmworker who resides and works on land owned by a landlord. Tenant farming is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management, while tenant farmers contribute their labor along with at times varying amounts of capital and management.MetayageThe metayage system is the cultivation of land for a proprietor by one who receives a proportion of the produce, as a kind of sharecropping. Another class of land tenancy in France is named fermage, whereby the rent is paid annually in banknotes. A farm operating under métayage was known as a métairie, the origin of some place names in areas where the system was used, such as Metairie, Louisiana.MasoveriaA masoveria contract is a Catalan institution dating back to the tenth century and still in wide practice. It is a form of sharecropping by which the owner of a rural farm commissions a natural person (masover, or tenant farmer) to work in the farm in exchange for a percentage of the results of the crop or farm production. It usually involves also the right to live on the estate, often in a property different from the main building, properly known as masoveria.LandlordA landlord is the owner of property such as a farm, house, apartment, condominium, land, or real estate that is rented or leased to an individual or business, known as a tenant (also called a lessee or renter). The term landlord applies when a juristic person occupies this position. Alternative terms include lessor and owner. For female property owners, the term landlady may be used.American Civil War1861–1865 conflict in the United StatesBelligerentsUnited States Confederate StatesCommanders and leadersAbraham Lincoln XUlysses S. GrantAndrew Johnsonand others...Jefferson Davis (POW)Robert E. Lee and others...Strength698,000 at peak2,200,000 total360,000 at peak750,000–1,000,000 totalCasualties and losses110,000+ KIA or DOW230,000+ died from accidents or disease25,000–30,000 died in Confederate prisons365,000+ total dead282,000+ wounded181,193 captured828,000+ total casu…CataloniaCatalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy. Its territory is situated on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, to the south of the Pyrenees mountain range. Catalonia is administratively divided into four provinces or eight vegueries (regions), which are in turn divided into 43 comarques.ItalyItaly, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe. It consists of a peninsula, which extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as nearly 800 islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino.FranceCountry primarily in Western EuropeFrance, officially the French Republic, is a country primarily located in Western Europe. Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean.Castile (historical region)Castile or Castille ( ; Spanish: Castilla) is a territory of imprecise limits located in Spain. The Encyclopædia Britannica defines it as encompassing Old Castile and New Castile, as they were formally defined in the 1833 territorial division of Spain. Castile's name is generally thought to mean "land of castles" (castle in Spanish is castillo), in reference to the castles built in the area to consolidate the Christian Reconquest from the Moors.Islamic economicsHandling of economics based on Islamic jurisprudenceReconstruction eraFrom left to right and top to the bottom: The ruins of Richmond, Virginia; newly-freed Black Americans voting for the first time in 1867; office of the Freedmen's Bureau in Memphis, Tennessee; Memphis riots of 1866LocationUnited States(Southern States)IncludingThird Party SystemPresident(s)Abraham LincolnAndrew JohnsonUlysses S. GrantRutherford B. HayesKey eventsFreedmen's BureauAssassination of Abraham LincolnFormation of the KKKReconstruction ActsImpeachment of Andrew John…*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.