North AfricaThis article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article includes a list of general references but lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2026) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs more citations.
Atlas MountainsThe Atlas Mountains are a mountain range in the Maghreb in North Africa. They separate the Sahara from the and the Atlantic Ocean; the mountain range stretches around 2,500 km (1,600 mi) through Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. The mountains are associated with the TitanAtlas. The range's highest peak is Toubkal, in central Morocco, with an elevation of 4,167 metres (13,671 ft). The Atlas Mountains are primarily inhabited by Berber populations.
MaghrebRegion of North Africa; the western half of the Arab worldThe Maghreb, also known as the Greater Maghreb and Northwest Africa, is the western part of the Arab world. The Maghreb region comprises western and central North Africa, including Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, and the disputed territory of Western Sahara. As of 2018, the region had a population of over 100 million people.
Mediterranean SeaThe Mediterranean Sea ( MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən) is an intercontinental sea situated between Europe, Asia, and Africa. It is surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Europe, and on the south by North Africa.
ArcticPolar region of the Earth's northern hemisphereThe Arctic Circle, currently at roughly 66° north of the Equator, defines the boundary of the Arctic seas and landsA political map showing land ownership within the Arctic regionArtificially coloured topographical map of the Arctic regionMODIS image of the ArcticAerial photo of the Greenlandic Ice SheetThe Arctic (; from Ancient Greek ἄρκτος (árktos) 'bear') is the polar region of Earth that surrounds the North Pole, lying north of the Arctic Circle.
DesertArea of land where little precipitation occursSand dunes in the Rub' al Khali ("Empty quarter") of ArabiaA camel shepherd in southern TunisiaA desert is a landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions create unique biomes and ecosystems. The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to denudation. About one-third of the land surface of the Earth is arid or semi-arid.
EgyptCountry in North AfricaEgypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the to the north, Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan and the Sahara to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia.
List of deserts by areaThis article provides a list of deserts ranked by the total area that they cover on Earth. Only deserts greater than 50,000 km (19,300 sq mi) are included in this ranking.
NileMajor river in northeast AfricaThe Nile is a major north-flowing river in northeast Africa which empties into the . At 7,088 kilometers (4,404 mi) long, it is the longest river in the world, although the volume of water it carries is much smaller than other major rivers such as the Amazon or the Congo. The Nile has played a central role in the environmental, economic, and cultural history of Africa for millennia.
AntarcticaEarth's southernmost continentAntarctica ( ) is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean), it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe, and has an area of 14,200,000 km (5,500,000 sq mi).
Red SeaArm of the Indian Ocean between Asia and Africa This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article needs more citations. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
SudanSudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the southeast, and South Sudan to the south. Sudan has a population of 51.8 million people as of 2025 and occupies 1,886,068 square kilometres (728,215 square miles), making it Africa's third-largest country by area.
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