Discontinuous electrophoresisDiscontinuous electrophoresis (colloquially disc electrophoresis) is a type of polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis. It was developed by Ornstein and Davis. This method produces high resolution and good band definition. It is widely used technique for separating proteins according to size and charge. MethodIn this method, the gel is divided into two discontinuous parts, resolving and stacking gel, both have different concentrations of polyacrylamide.
Western blotThe Western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot), or Western blotting, is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology and immunogenetics to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract, and to visualize, distinguish, and quantify the different proteins in a complicated protein combination.
ElectrophoresisElectrophoresis is the motion of chargeddispersed particles or dissolvedchargedmolecules relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field. As a rule, these zwitterionic particles and molecules have either a positive or negative net charge, which is often characterized with zeta potential. Electrophoresis is used in laboratories to separate macromolecules based on their charges.
Critical micelle concentrationIn colloidal and surface chemistry, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is defined as the concentration of surfactants above which micelles form and all additional surfactants added to the system will form micelles. The CMC is an important characteristic of a surfactant. Before reaching the CMC, the surface tension changes strongly with the concentration of the surfactant.
Coomassie brilliant blueNames Other names C.I. 42655, C.I. Acid Blue 90Brilliant indocyanine G, Brillantindocyanin GXylene Brilliant Cyanine G, Serva Blue GIdentifiers CAS Number6104-58-13D model (JSmol)Interactive imageECHA InfoCard100.025.509KEGGD10799PubChemCID6324599CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID80910613SMILESCCN(CC1=CC(=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)/C(=C\3/C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC4=CC(=CC=C4)S(=O)(=O)O)C=C3C)/C5=CC=C(C=C5)NC6=CC=C(C=C6)OCC)CProperties Chemical formulaC47H50N3NaO7S2 (Sodium salt) Molar mass856.03 g/mol Solubility in waterSlightly soluble in cold, soluble in hot (bright blue) Solubility in ethanol Soluble Pharmacology Legal statusCA: ℞-onlyExcept where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Coomassie brilliant blue is the name of two similar triphenylmethane dyes that were developed for use in the textile industry but are now commonly used for stainingproteins in analytical biochemistry.
MicelleA micelle (; also spelled micell) or micella (; pl.micelles or micellae, respectively) is an aggregate (or supramolecular assembly) of surfactant amphipathic lipid molecules dispersed in a liquid, forming a colloidal suspension (also known as associated colloidal system). A typical micelle in water forms an aggregate, with the hydrophilic "head" regions in contact with surrounding solvent, sequestering the hydrophobic single-tail regions in the micelle centre.Sodium dodecyl sulfateSodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sometimes written sodium laurilsulfate, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na and structure H3C−(CH2)11−O−S(=O)2−O−Na+. It is an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products. This compound is the sodium salt of the 12-carbon organosulfate. Its hydrocarbon tail combined with a polar "headgroup" gives the compound amphiphilic properties that make it useful as a detergent.
Ulrich K. LaemmliUlrich K. Laemmli (born 1940), real name Lämmli, is a Professor in the biochemistry and molecular biology departments at University of Geneva. He is known for the refinement of SDS-PAGE, a widely used method for separating proteins based on their electrophoretic mobility. His paper describing the method is among the most cited scholarly journal articles of all time. His current research involves studying the structural organization of nuclei and chromatin within the cell.
Amino acidOrganic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groupsStructure of a typical L-alpha-amino acid in the "neutral" formAmino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acidfunctional groups. Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life.
Electric fieldPhysical field surrounding an electric chargeAn electric field (sometimes called E-field) is a physical field that surrounds electrically charged particles such as electrons. In classical electromagnetism, the electric field of a single charge (or group of charges) describes their capacity to exert attractive or repulsive forces on another charged object.Polyacrylamide
ProteinBiomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residuesA representation of the 3D structure of the protein myoglobin showing turquoise α-helices. This protein was the first to have its structure solved by X-ray crystallography. Toward the right-center among the coils, a prosthetic group called a heme group (shown in gray) with a bound oxygen molecule (red).Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acidresidues.
SurfactantA surfactant is a chemical compound that decreases the surface tension or interfacial tension between two liquids, a liquid and a gas, or a liquid and a solid. The word surfactant is a blend of "surface-active agent", coined in 1950. As they consist of a water-repellent and a water-attracting part, they are emulsifiers, enabling water and oil to mix. They can also form foam, and facilitate the detachment of dirt.
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