SaladinFounder of the Ayyubid dynasty (c. 1137 – 1193)Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub (c. 1137 – 4 March 1193), commonly known as Saladin, was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty and the first sultan of both Egypt and Syria. A Sunni Muslim ruler of Kurdish origin, Saladin was an important figure of the Third Crusade and spearheaded the Muslim military effort against the Crusader states in the Levant.
DamascusCapital city of SyriaMetropolis in SyriaDamascus is the capital and largest city of Syria. It is the oldest capital city in the world. Known colloquially in Syria as aš-Šām and dubbed, poetically, the "City of Jasmine" (مَدِيْنَةُ الْيَاسْمِينِ, Madīnat al-Yāsmīn), Damascus is a major cultural center of the Levant and the Arab world. Situated in southwestern Syria, Damascus is the center of a large metropolitan area.
Al-Adil IDynastyAyyubidFatherNajm ad-Din AyyubReligionSunni IslamMilitary careerConflictsCrusader raids on the Red SeaBattle of HattinSiege of Jerusalem (1187)Siege of Sahyun CastleSiege of Safed (1188)Third CrusadeSiege of Acre (1189-1191)Battle of ArsufBattle of Jaffa (1192)Crusade of 1197Battle of Jaffa (1197)Siege of ToronFourth CrusadeFifth CrusadeAl-Adil I (Arabic: العادل, in full al-Malik al-Adil Sayf ad-Din Abu-Bakr Ahmed ibn Najm ad-Din Ayyub, Arabic: الملك العادل سيف الدين أبو بكر بن أيوب, "Ahmed, son of Najm ad-Din Ayyub, father of Bakr, the Just King, Sword of the Faith"; 1145 – 31 August 1218) was the fourth Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and brother of Saladin, who founded both the Sultanate of Egypt, and the Ayyubid dynasty.
Ahmed KuftaroAhmed Muhammad Amin Kuftaro (Arabic: أحمد كفتارو; December 1915 – 1 September 2004) was the Grand Mufti of Syria, the highest officially appointed Sunni Muslim representative of the Fatwa-Administration in the Syrian Ministry of Auqaf in Syria. Kaftaro was a Sunni Muslim of the Naqshbandi Sufi order.
KurdsIranic ethnic groupEthnic groupKurds (Kurdish: کورد, romanized: Kurd, Kurdish:), or the Kurdish people, are an Iranic ethnic group from West Asia. They are indigenous to Kurdistan, which is a geographic region spanning southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northeastern Syria.
SyriaSyria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north and northwest, Iraq to the east and southeast, Jordan to the south, and Israel and Lebanon to the southwest. It is a republic under a provisional government and comprises 14 governorates. Damascus is Syria's capital and largest city.
AbulfedaIsmāʿīl bin ʿAlī bin Maḥmūd bin Muḥammad bin ʿUmar bin Shāhanshāh bin Ayyūb bin Shādī bin Marwān (Arabic: إسماعيل بن علي بن محمود بن محمد بن عمر بن شاهنشاه بن أيوب بن شادي بن مروان), better known as Abū al-Fidāʾ or Abulfeda (Arabic: أبو الفداء; November 1273 – 27 October 1331), was a Mamluk-era Kurdish geographer, historian, Ayyubidprince and local governor of Hama.
Newroz as celebrated by KurdsNewroz (Kurdish: نەورۆز) is the Kurdish celebration of Nowruz; the arrival of spring and new year in Kurdish culture. The lighting of the fires at the beginning of the evening of March 20 is the main symbol of Newroz among the Kurds. In Zoroastrianism, fire is a symbol of light, goodness and purification.
Mamluk SultanateThe Mamluk Sultanate (Arabic: سلطنة المماليك, romanized: Salṭanat al-Mamālīk), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries, with Cairo as its capital. It was ruled by a military caste of mamluks (freed slave soldiers) headed by a sultan.
Municipalities of DamascusAdministratively, Damascus Governorate, one of Syria's 14 governorates, is divided into 16 municipalities (Arabic: بلدية, romanized: baladiyah). Every municipal district is managed by an elected mayor, which in turn is divided into 95 districts (Arabic: الحي hayy), each headed by a mayor, and they all participate in the election of the Damascus city council. Yarmouk is one whole municipality, and is divided into six neighborhoods.
Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)The Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) (Arabic: المكتب المركزي للإحصاء) was the statistical agency responsible for the gathering of "information relating to economic, social and general activities and conditions" in Syria. The office was answerable to the office of the Prime Minister and had its main offices in Damascus.
Romanization of ArabicThe romanization of Arabic is the systematic rendering of written and spokenArabic in the Latin script. Romanized Arabic is used for various purposes, among them transcription of names and titles, cataloging Arabic language works, language education when used instead of or alongside the Arabic script, and representation of the language in scientific publications by linguists.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.