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Rollback

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In political science, rollback is the strategy of forcing a change in the major policies of a state, usually by replacing its ruling regime. It contrasts with containment, which means preventing the expansion of that state, and with détente, which means developing a working relationship with that state. Most of the discussions of rollback in the scholarly literature deal with United States foreign policy toward communist countries during the Cold War.

Foreign policy of the United StatesForeign policy of the United StatesAccording to its 2025 National Security Strategy, the officially stated goals of the foreign policy of the United States of America are to ensure US preeminence in the Western Hemisphere, to "halt and reverse the ongoing damage that foreign actors inflict on the American economy while keeping the Indo-Pacific free and open", to "prevent an adversarial power from dominating the Middle East", and that "U.S. technology and U.S. standard" are preeminent.United States invasion of GrenadaUnited States invasion of GrenadaThe United States and a coalition of Caribbean countries invaded the island nation of Grenada at dawn on 25 October 1983. It was codenamed Operation Urgent Fury by the U.S. military, and resulted in military occupation within a few days.United StatesUnited StatesCountry primarily in North AmericaThe United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic consisting of 50 states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.ContainmentContainmentCover to the propaganda comic book "Is This Tomorrow"' (1947)LocationGlobal (primarily United States, Western Europe, and East Asia)LeadersGeorge F. KennanGeorge MarshallDean AchesonJohn Foster DullesPresidentsHarry S. TrumanDwight D. EisenhowerJohn F. KennedyLyndon B. JohnsonRichard NixonJimmy CarterRonald ReaganKey eventsTruman Doctrine (1947)Marshall Plan (1948)Berlin Airlift (1948–1949)Korean War (1950–1953)Vietnam War (1955–1975)Containment was a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II.DétenteDétenteDétente ( , also UK: ; French for 'relaxation', French pronunciation:) is the relaxation of strained relations, especially political ones, through verbal communication. The diplomacy term originates from around 1912, when France and Germany tried unsuccessfully to reduce tensions. The term is often used to refer to a period of general easing of geopolitical tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War.Cold WarCold War1947–1991 geopolitical rivalry between US and USSR NATO and Warsaw Pact states in 1988Duration44 years and 9 monthsPart of the post-World War II eraLocationGlobalThe Cold War was a period of international geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalistWestern Bloc and communistEastern Bloc. It began in the aftermath of the Second World War and ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.Communist stateCommunist stateForm of governmentA map of current communist states (China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea and Vietnam).A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a socio-economic form of government that combines the state leadership of a communist party, Marxist–Leninist political philosophy, and an official commitment to the construction of a communist society.Korean WarKorean War1950–1953 conflict on the Korean Peninsula This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. When this tag was added, its readable prose size was 18,500 words. Consider splitting content into sub-articles, condensing it, or adding subheadings. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page.Regime changeRegime change is the partly forcible or coercive replacement of one government regime with another. It is typically understood as a violation of the sovereignty of the target state. Regime change may replace all or part of the state's most critical leadership system, administrative apparatus, or bureaucracy. Regime change may occur through domestic processes, such as revolution, coup, or reconstruction of government following state failure or civil war.Gulf WarGulf War1990–1991 conflict in the Middle EastBelligerentsUnited StatesUnited KingdomFranceSaudi ArabiaEgyptKuwaitCoalition:Afghan mujahideenArgentinaAustraliaBahrainBangladeshBelgiumCanada CzechoslovakiaDenmarkGermanyGreeceHondurasHungaryItalyJapanLuxembourgMoroccoNetherlandsNew ZealandSomaliaNorwayOmanPakistanPhilippinesPolandPortugalQatarRomaniaSenegalSierra LeoneSingaporeSouth KoreaSpainSweden SyriaTurkeyUnited Arab Emirates IraqCommanders and leadersGeorge H. W. BushDick CheneyColin PowellNorman SchwarzkopfChuck HornerJohn J. YeosockWalter E. BoomerStanley R. ArthurRobert B. JohnstonMargaret ThatcherJohn MajorFrançois MitterrandKing FahdKhalid bin SultanHosni MubarakSheikh Jaber Al AhmadSaddam HusseinTariq AzizIzzat Ibrahim al-DouriIyad FutayyihHussein Kamel al-MajidAbid Hamid MahmudMuzahim Saab HassanSalah Aboud MahmoudAli Hassan al-MajidAlaa Hussein AliStrength Over 950,000 soldiers3,113 tanks1,800 aircraft2,200 artillery systems 1,000,000+ soldiers (~600,000 in Kuwait)5,500 tanks700+ aircraft3,000 artillery systemsCasualties and lossesTotal:13,488Coalition:292 killed (147 killed by enemy action, 145 non-hostile deaths)776 wounded (467 wounded in action)31 tanks destroyed/disabled28 Bradley IFVs destroyed/damaged1 M113 APC destroyed2 British Warrior IFVs destroyed1 artillery piece destroyed75 aircraft destroyedKuwait:420 killed12,000 captured≈200 tanks destroyed/captured850+ other armored vehicles destroyed/captured57 aircraft lost8 aircraft captured (Mirage F1s)17 ships sunk, 6 captured Total:175,000–300,000+Iraqi:20,000–50,000 killed75,000+ wounded80,000–175,000 captured3,300 tanks destroyed2,100 APCs destroyed2,200 artillery pieces destroyed110 aircraft destroyed137 aircraft flown to Iran to escape destruction19 ships sunk, 6 damagedKuwaiti civilian losses:Over 1,000 killed600 missing peopleIraqi civilian losses:3,664 killed directlyTotal Iraqi losses (including 1991 Iraqi uprisings): 142,500–206,000 deaths (according to Medact)Other civilian losses: 74 killed in Israel, 230 injured1 killed in Saudi Arabia, 85 injuredPersonalEarly lifeSaddamismFamilyUdayQusayRaghadRanaSajida TalfahRise to power1959 Mosul uprisingRamadan Revolution17 July RevolutionFirst Iraqi–Kurdish WarYom Kippur WarSecond Iraqi–Kurdish War1974–75 Shatt al-Arab conflict1975 Algiers Agreement1979 Ba'ath Party PurgePresident of IraqIran–Iraq WarInvasion of IranDujail massacreAnfal campaignHalabja massacreInvasion of KuwaitGulf Warmissile attacks IsraelSaudi Arabia1991 Iraqi uprisings1999 Shia uprising2003 invasion of IraqBattle of Baghdadstatue destructionHuman rights recordAl-Qaeda link allegationstimelineWeapons of mass destructionOperation OperaInternational tripsDespositionCaptureInterrogationTrialExecutionreactionsElections1995 presidential referendum2002 presidential referendumNovelsBlood QuranZabibah and the KingThe Fortified CastleMen and the CityBegone, DemonsPersonalFamilyElectoral historyEponymsHonorsBibliographyBush School of GovernmentPoints of LightPost-presidencyDeath and state funeral43rd Vice President of the United StatesTransitionTenureReagan administrationInaugurations firstsecondReagan assassination attemptForeign policyVice presidential campaigns1980electionselectionconventiondebates1984electionconventiondebates41st President of the United StatesPresidencytimelineTransitionInaugurationPresidential libraryTenureThousand points of lightInvasion of PanamaBroccoli commentsGulf WarDecade of the BrainVomiting incidentOperation Restore HopeNAFTAInternational tripsPardonsPoliciesCannabisEnvironmentalForeignAppointmentsFederal judgescontroversiesSupreme Court candidatesThomasPresidential campaigns1980primariesconvention1988electionprimariesconvention"No new taxes"debates1992electionprimariesconventiondebatesThe Gulf War was an armed conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition led by the United States in response to Saddam Hussein invading neighboring Kuwait on 2 August 1990.East German uprising of 1953East German uprising of 1953BelligerentsEast GermanySoviet Union Anti-Stalinist demonstratorsSupport: German dissidentsCommanders and leadersWalter UlbrichtAndrei GrechkoVladimir SemyonovNo centralized leadershipUnits involvedKVPGSOFG Unorganized protestersStrengthEast Germany:16 divisionsBerlin:20,000 soldiers15,000 Police 1,000,000–1,500,000 demonstratorsCasualties and losses 55–125+ killedThe East German uprising of 1953 (German: Volksaufstand vom 17.Political sciencePolitical science (sometimes abbreviated as poli sci) is a field which aims to study the scientific aspect of politics. It deals with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and laws. Specialists in the field are political scientists.

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