Rheum rhaponticumRheum rhaponticum, the false rhubarb, rhapontic rhubarb or rhapontic, is a plant species in the genus Rheum found in the wild. It is the only Rheum species found only in Europe, and is now restricted to the Rila mountain range in south-western Bulgaria. It was introduced to other countries in Europe. It is considered to be one of the parents of the modern culinary rhubarb. DescriptionRheum rhaponticum is a robust perennialherbaceous plant growing from a woody rhizome.
Rheum rhabarbarumRheum rhabarbarum is a species of flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae, native to a region stretching from southern Siberia to north and central China. It has been harvested from the wild for centuries for its root, which was harvested for use as a popular medicine in Europe and Asia. It was later cultivated for its root in England and Russia.
Rheum (plant)Rheum is a genus of about 60 herbaceous perennial plants in the family Polygonaceae. Species are native to eastern Europe, southern and eastern temperate Asia, with a few reaching into northern tropical Asia. Rheum species are cultivated in Europe, Asia, and North America. The genus includes the vegetable rhubarb. The species have large somewhat triangular shaped leaves with long, fleshy petioles.
PolygonaceaeThe Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genusPolygonum, and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 in his book, Genera Plantarum. The name may refer to the many swollen nodes the stems of some species have, being derived from Greek (poly meaning 'many' and gony meaning 'knee' or 'joint').
Oxalic acidOxalic acid dihydrateNames IUPAC name1,2-ethanedioic acidPreferred IUPAC nameOxalic acidSystematic IUPAC nameEthanedioic acidOther names Wood bleach(Carboxyl)carboxylic acidCarboxylformic acidDicarboxylic acidDiformic acidIdentifiers CAS Number144-62-7 (anhydrous)6153-56-6 (dihydrate)3D model (JSmol)Interactive imageBeilstein Reference385686 ChEBICHEBI:16995ChEMBLChEMBL146755ChemSpider946DrugBankDB03902ECHA InfoCard100.005.123EC Number205-634-3Gmelin Reference2208 KEGGC00209MeSHOxalic+acidPubChemCID971RTECS numberRO2450000UNII9E7R5L6H310K2L2IJ59O (dihydrate)UN number3261 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID0025816InChIInChI=1S/C6H6O6/c3-1(4)2(5)6/h(H,3,4)(H,5,6)Key: MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-NSMILESOC(=O)C(=O)OProperties Chemical formulaC2H2O4Molar mass90.034 g⋅mol (anhydrous)126.065 g⋅mol (dihydrate)Appearance White crystals OdorOdorless Density1.90 g/cm (anhydrous, at 17 °C (63 °F))1.653 g/cm (dihydrate)Melting point189–191 °C (372–376 °F; 462–464 K) (anhydrous)101.5 °C (214.7 °F; 374.6 K) (dihydrate)Boiling pointdecomposes (see article for details) Solubility in water46.9 g/L @ 5 °C (41 °F)57.2 g/L @ 10 °C (50 °F)75.5 g/L @ 15 °C (59 °F)95.5 g/L @ 20 °C (68 °F)118 g/L @ 25 °C (77 °F)139 g/L @ 30 °C (86 °F)178 g/L @ 35 °C (95 °F)217 g/L @ 40 °C (104 °F)261 g/L @ 45 °C (113 °F)315 g/L @ 50 °C (122 °F)376 g/L @ 55 °C (131 °F)426 g/L @ 60 °C (140 °F)548 g/L @ 65 °C (149 °F)Solubility in ethanol237 g/L @ 15 °C (59 °F) Solubility in diethyl ether14 g/L @ 15 °C (59 °F) Vapor pressure2.34×10 mmHg @ 20 °C (68 °F)0.54 mmHg @ 105 °C (221 °F)Acidity (pKa) 1.25 and 4.28 Conjugate baseHydrogenoxalateMagnetic susceptibility (χ)−60.05×10 cm/molThermochemistry Heat capacity(C)91.0 J/(mol·K)Std molarentropy(S298)109.8 J/(mol·K)Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)−829.9 kJ/molPharmacology ATCvet codeQP53AG03 (WHO) Hazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): Main hazardsCorrosive GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordDangerHazard statementsH302+H312, H318, H402Precautionary statementsP264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312+P330, P302+P352+P312, P305+P351+P338+P310, P362+P364, P501NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 310ACIDFlash point166 °C (331 °F; 439 K) Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LDLo (lowest published)1000 mg/kg (dog, oral)1400 mg/kg (rat)7500 mg/kg (rat, oral)NIOSH (US health exposure limits):NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
Petiole (botany)In botany, the petiole (), commonly known as the leaf stem or leaf stalk, is the stalk that attaches the leaf to the twigs, branches or stems of a plant. The terms and are applied, respectively, to leaves with and without petioles. DescriptionThe petiole is a stalk that attaches a leaf to the rest of a plant. In some species, it is able to twist the leaf to face the sun, thus optimizing its exposure to sunlight.
AnthroneAnthrone is a tricyclic aromaticketone. It is used for a common celluloseassay and in the colorimetric determination of carbohydrates. Derivatives of anthrone are used in pharmacy as laxative. They stimulate the motion of the colon and reduce water reabsorption. Some anthrone derivatives can be extracted from a variety of plants, including Rhamnus frangula, Aloe ferox, Rheum officinale, and Cassia senna.
GlycosideIn chemistry, a glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides. These can be activated by enzymehydrolysis, which causes the sugar part to be broken off, making the chemical available for use. Many such plant glycosides are used as medications.
RhizomeIn botany and dendrology, a rhizome ( RY-zohm) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow horizontally. The rhizome also retains the ability to allow new shoots to grow upwards. A rhizome is the main stem of the plant that runs typically underground and horizontally to the soil surface.
InflorescenceIn botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a main axis (peduncle) and by the timing of its flowering (determinate and indeterminate). Morphologically, an inflorescence is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed on the axis of a plant.
Traditional medicineTraditional medicine (also known as Indigenous medicine or folk medicine) refers to the knowledge, skills, and practices rooted in the cultural beliefs of various societies, especially Indigenous groups, used with the intent of treating illness and maintaining health. Traditional medicine includes systems like Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine, and Unani.
PerennialIn botany, the term perennial ( + , "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 2 years. The term is also loosely used to distinguish plants with little or no woody growth (secondary growth in girth) from trees and shrubs, which are also technically perennials. An estimated 94% of plant species are perennials.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.