VomitingVomiting (scientifically known as emesis, and otherwise known as puking, and throwing up) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. The vomited contents are known as vomit or vomitus.
Thoracic diaphragmThe thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm (; Ancient Greek: διάφραγμα, romanized: diáphragma, lit. 'partition'), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity.
StomachThe stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the upper gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The Ancient Greek name for the stomach is gaster which is used as gastric in medical terms related to the stomach. The stomach has a dilated structure and functions as a vital organ in the digestive system.GlottisIn humans the glottis (pl.: glottises or glottides) is the middle region of the larynx, where the vocal cords are located. Within this region is the opening between the vocal cords (the rima glottidis). The glottis is crucial in producing sound from the vocal cords. In the bichir, an early lunged fish, the glottis is a slit shaped opening into the oesophagus. In many reptiles air can be passed across a partially closed glottis to produce a hissing sound.
Fluid balanceFluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges.
RetroperistalsisRetroperistalsis is the reverse of the involuntary smooth muscle contractions of peristalsis. It usually occurs as a precursor to vomiting. Local irritation of the stomach, such as bacteria or food poisoning, activates the emetic center of the brain which in turn signals an imminent vomiting reflex. Retroperistalsis begins in the small intestine and pyloric sphincter. Food then moves in the opposite direction, often from the duodenum into the stomach.
EsophagusVertebrate organ through which food passes to the stomachUpper and lower human gastrointestinal tractThe esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English) ( ), also known as the gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.
Stress (biology)Stress, whether physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor, such as an environmental condition or change in life circumstances. When stressed by stimuli that alter an organism's environment, multiple systems respond across the body. In humans and most mammals, the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are the two major systems that respond to stress.
AbdomenAn abdomen (also belly or stomach in vertebrates, or metasoma in arthropods) is the front part of the torso between the thorax (chest) and pelvis in humans and in other vertebrates. The area occupied by the abdomen is called the abdominal cavity. In arthropods, it is the posteriortagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. In humans, the abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim.
Electrolyte imbalanceElectrolyte imbalance, or water-electrolyte imbalance, is an abnormal concentration of electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body and serve in many biological processes. Anions are as well known form of electrolytes and include things like calcium, magnesium, potassium, though electrolytes can form differently charged types of ions in solution (or when melted).
ThoraxThe thorax (pl.: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the body, each in turn composed of multiple segments. The human thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.