Intensional logicIntensional logic is an approach to predicate logic that extends first-order logic, which has quantifiers that range over the individuals of a universe (extensions), by additional quantifiers that range over terms that may have such individuals as their value (intensions). The distinction between intensional and extensional entities is parallel to the distinction between sense and reference.
Possible worldA possible world is a complete and consistent way the world is or could have been. Possible worlds are widely used as a formal device in logic, philosophy, and linguistics in order to provide a semantics for intensional and modal logic.
Logical truthLogical truth is one of the most fundamental concepts in logic. Broadly speaking, a logical truth is a statement which is true regardless of the truth or falsity of its constituent propositions. In other words, a logical truth is a statement which is not only true, but one which is true under all interpretations of its logical components (other than its logical constants). Thus, logical truths such as "if p, then p" can be considered tautologies.Feminist epistemologyFeminist epistemology is an examination of epistemology from a feminist standpoint.
Contingency (philosophy)In logic, contingency is the feature of a statement making it neither necessary nor impossible. Contingency is a fundamental concept of modal logic. Modal logic concerns the manner, or mode, in which statements are true. Contingency is one of three basic modes alongside necessity and impossibility. In modal logic, a contingent statement stands in the modal realm between what is necessary and what is impossible, never crossing into the territory of either status.
EpistemologyPhilosophical study of knowledge"Epistemic" redirects here. For the alternative name for cognitive science, see Epistemics.For the Keep of Kalessin album, see Epistemology (album).Not to be confused with Epidemiology.Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge.
ContradictionIn traditional logic, a contradiction involves a proposition conflicting either with itself or established fact. It is often used as a tool to detect disingenuous beliefs and bias. Illustrating a general tendency in applied logic. The law of noncontradiction states that "It is impossible that the same thing can at the same time both belong and not belong to the same object and in the same respect."
SchizophreniaSchizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized variously by hallucinations (typically, hearing voices), delusions, disorganized thinking or behavior, and flat or inappropriate affect. Symptoms develop gradually and typically begin during young adulthood. There is no objective diagnostic test; diagnosis is based on observed behavior, a psychiatric history that includes the person's reported experiences, and reports of others familiar with the person.
Material conditionalThe material conditional (also known as material implication) is a binary operation commonly used in logic. When the conditional symbol → {\displaystyle \to } is interpreted as material implication, a formula P → Q {\displaystyle P\to Q} is true unless P {\displaystyle P} is true and Q {\displaystyle Q} is false. Material implication is used in all the basic systems of classical logic as well as some nonclassical logics.
Library and information scienceLibrary and Information Science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.
Dan SperberDan Sperber (born 20 June 1942 in Cagnes-sur-Mer) is a French social and cognitive scientist, anthropologist and philosopher. His most influential work has been in the fields of cognitive anthropology, linguistic pragmatics, psychology of reasoning, and philosophy of the social sciences.
EconomistProfessional in the discipline of economics Part of a series onEconomics OutlineIndexGlossaryEconomists Principles of Economics Tools and methodologyEconomic theory Mathematical modeling Game theory Rational choice Cognitive science (Behavioral) Economic equilibrium Empirical methods Experimental Econometrics Time series Spatial Causal inference Quasi-experiments Prescriptive and policy Welfare analysis Social choice theory Rational choice theory Cost–benefit analysis Branches and subfields Applied Econometrics Econophysics International Heterodox Micro Macro Mainstream Mathematical Mech.
John Maynard KeynesJohn Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes ( ; 5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was an English economist whose writings are considered the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics, as well as its various offshoots. Originally trained in mathematics, he built on and refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles. His ideas, further developed after his death as New Keynesianism, are seen as foundational to mainstream macroeconomics.
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Possible worldA possible world is a complete and consistent way the world is or could have been. Possible worlds are widely used as a formal device in logic, philosophy, and linguistics in order to provide a semantics for intensional and modal logic.Logical truthLogical truth is one of the most fundamental concepts in logic. Broadly speaking, a logical truth is a statement which is true regardless of the truth or falsity of its constituent propositions. In other words, a logical truth is a statement which is not only true, but one which is true under all interpretations of its logical components (other than its logical constants). Thus, logical truths such as "if p, then p" can be considered tautologies.Feminist epistemologyFeminist epistemology is an examination of epistemology from a feminist standpoint.Contingency (philosophy)In logic, contingency is the feature of a statement making it neither necessary nor impossible. Contingency is a fundamental concept of modal logic. Modal logic concerns the manner, or mode, in which statements are true. Contingency is one of three basic modes alongside necessity and impossibility. In modal logic, a contingent statement stands in the modal realm between what is necessary and what is impossible, never crossing into the territory of either status.EpistemologyPhilosophical study of knowledge"Epistemic" redirects here. For the alternative name for cognitive science, see Epistemics.For the Keep of Kalessin album, see Epistemology (album).Not to be confused with Epidemiology.Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge.ContradictionIn traditional logic, a contradiction involves a proposition conflicting either with itself or established fact. It is often used as a tool to detect disingenuous beliefs and bias. Illustrating a general tendency in applied logic. The law of noncontradiction states that "It is impossible that the same thing can at the same time both belong and not belong to the same object and in the same respect."SchizophreniaSchizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized variously by hallucinations (typically, hearing voices), delusions, disorganized thinking or behavior, and flat or inappropriate affect. Symptoms develop gradually and typically begin during young adulthood. There is no objective diagnostic test; diagnosis is based on observed behavior, a psychiatric history that includes the person's reported experiences, and reports of others familiar with the person.Material conditionalThe material conditional (also known as material implication) is a binary operation commonly used in logic. When the conditional symbol → {\displaystyle \to } is interpreted as material implication, a formula P → Q {\displaystyle P\to Q} is true unless P {\displaystyle P} is true and Q {\displaystyle Q} is false. Material implication is used in all the basic systems of classical logic as well as some nonclassical logics.Library and information scienceLibrary and Information Science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.Dan SperberDan Sperber (born 20 June 1942 in Cagnes-sur-Mer) is a French social and cognitive scientist, anthropologist and philosopher. His most influential work has been in the fields of cognitive anthropology, linguistic pragmatics, psychology of reasoning, and philosophy of the social sciences.EconomistProfessional in the discipline of economics Part of a series onEconomics OutlineIndexGlossaryEconomists Principles of Economics Tools and methodologyEconomic theory Mathematical modeling Game theory Rational choice Cognitive science (Behavioral) Economic equilibrium Empirical methods Experimental Econometrics Time series Spatial Causal inference Quasi-experiments Prescriptive and policy Welfare analysis Social choice theory Rational choice theory Cost–benefit analysis Branches and subfields Applied Econometrics Econophysics International Heterodox Micro Macro Mainstream Mathematical Mech.John Maynard KeynesJohn Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes ( ; 5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was an English economist whose writings are considered the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics, as well as its various offshoots. Originally trained in mathematics, he built on and refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles. His ideas, further developed after his death as New Keynesianism, are seen as foundational to mainstream macroeconomics.relevanceRelated word or term.relevantRelated word or term.irrelevantRelated word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.