Punishment (psychology)Punishment is any change in a human or animal's surroundings which, occurring after a given behavior or response, reduces the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. Reinforcement, referring to any behavior that increases the likelihood that a response will occurs, plays a large role in punishment.
Behavior modificationBehavior modification is a treatment approach that uses respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior. Based on methodological behaviorism, overt behavior is modified with (antecedent) stimulus control and consequences, including positive and negative reinforcement contingencies to increase desirable behavior, as well as positive and negative punishment, and extinction to reduce problematic behavior.
Antecedent (behavioral psychology)An antecedent is a stimulus that cues an organism to perform a learned behavior. When an organism perceives an antecedent stimulus, it behaves in a way that maximizes reinforcing consequences and minimizes punishing consequences. This might be part of complex, interpersonal communication. The definition of antecedent is a preceding event or a cause – in this case it is the event that causes the learned behavior to happen.
Operant conditioningOperant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a learning process in which voluntary behaviors are modified by association with the addition (or removal) of reward or aversivestimuli. The frequency or duration of the behavior may increase through reinforcement or decrease through punishment or extinction.
AddictionDisorder resulting in compulsive behaviorsMedical conditionAddiction is a neuropsychologicaldisorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that produces an immediate psychological reward, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences. Repeated substance use produces long-lasting changes in brain networks involved in reward, executive function, stress reactivity and mood.
BehaviorismSystematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animalsBehaviorism is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals.
Learned helplessnessLearned helplessness is the behavior exhibited by a subject after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control. In humans, learned helplessness is related to the concept of self-efficacy, the individual's belief in their innate ability to achieve goals. Learned helplessness theory is the view that clinical depression and related mental illnesses may result from a real or perceived absence of control over the outcome of a situation.
Martin SeligmanAmerican psychologist and writer (born 1942) Martin SeligmanSeligman in 2009Born (1942-08-12) August 12, 1942 (age 84)Albany, New York, U.S.Education Princeton University (AB) University of Pennsylvania (PhD) Known for Positive psychology Learned helplessness Awards James McKeen Cattell Fellow Award (1995) Joseph Zubin Award (1997) APA Award for Lifetime Contributions to Psychology (2017) Scientific careerFieldsPsychologyWorkplacesUniversity of Pennsylvania Signature Martin Elias Peter Seligman (/ˈsɛlɪɡmən/; born August 12, 1942) is an American psychologist, educator, and author of self-help books.Motivational salienceMotivational salience is a cognitive process and a form of attention that motivates or propels an individual's behavior towards or away from a particular object, perceived event or outcome.
somaticRelated word or term.
Behavior modificationBehavior modification is a treatment approach that uses respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior. Based on methodological behaviorism, overt behavior is modified with (antecedent) stimulus control and consequences, including positive and negative reinforcement contingencies to increase desirable behavior, as well as positive and negative punishment, and extinction to reduce problematic behavior.Antecedent (behavioral psychology)An antecedent is a stimulus that cues an organism to perform a learned behavior. When an organism perceives an antecedent stimulus, it behaves in a way that maximizes reinforcing consequences and minimizes punishing consequences. This might be part of complex, interpersonal communication. The definition of antecedent is a preceding event or a cause – in this case it is the event that causes the learned behavior to happen.Operant conditioningOperant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a learning process in which voluntary behaviors are modified by association with the addition (or removal) of reward or aversivestimuli. The frequency or duration of the behavior may increase through reinforcement or decrease through punishment or extinction.AddictionDisorder resulting in compulsive behaviorsMedical conditionAddiction is a neuropsychologicaldisorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that produces an immediate psychological reward, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences. Repeated substance use produces long-lasting changes in brain networks involved in reward, executive function, stress reactivity and mood.BehaviorismSystematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animalsBehaviorism is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals.Learned helplessnessLearned helplessness is the behavior exhibited by a subject after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control. In humans, learned helplessness is related to the concept of self-efficacy, the individual's belief in their innate ability to achieve goals. Learned helplessness theory is the view that clinical depression and related mental illnesses may result from a real or perceived absence of control over the outcome of a situation.Martin SeligmanAmerican psychologist and writer (born 1942) Martin SeligmanSeligman in 2009Born (1942-08-12) August 12, 1942 (age 84)Albany, New York, U.S.Education Princeton University (AB) University of Pennsylvania (PhD) Known for Positive psychology Learned helplessness Awards James McKeen Cattell Fellow Award (1995) Joseph Zubin Award (1997) APA Award for Lifetime Contributions to Psychology (2017) Scientific careerFieldsPsychologyWorkplacesUniversity of Pennsylvania Signature Martin Elias Peter Seligman (/ˈsɛlɪɡmən/; born August 12, 1942) is an American psychologist, educator, and author of self-help books.Motivational salienceMotivational salience is a cognitive process and a form of attention that motivates or propels an individual's behavior towards or away from a particular object, perceived event or outcome.somaticRelated word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.