Direct actionDirect action is a form of activism in which participants use economic power or political power to achieve their goals. Direct action aims to either obstruct a certain practice such as a government's laws or actions or to draw attention to and create a dialogue in order to solve perceived problems.
Civil resistanceCivil resistance is a form of political action that relies on the use of nonviolent resistance by ordinary people to challenge a particular power, force, policy or regime. Civil resistance operates through appeals to the adversary, pressure and coercion: it can involve systematic attempts to undermine or expose the adversary's sources of power (or pillars of support, such as police, military, clergy, business elite, etc.).
InsurgencyRevolt or uprising by irregular forces Insurgents in northern Iraq during the Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011) An insurgency is a violent, armed rebellion by small, lightly armed bands who practice guerrilla warfare against a larger authority. The key descriptive feature of insurgency is its asymmetric nature: small irregular forces face a large, well-equipped, regular military force state adversary.
Civil warA civil war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies. The term is a calque of Latin bellum civile which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC.
Coup d'étatDeposition of a governmentGeneral Napoleon Bonaparte during the Coup of 18 Brumaire in Saint-Cloud, detail of painting by François Bouchot, 1840A coup d'état ( ; French:; lit. 'stroke of state'), or simply a coup, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent person or leadership.
BelligerentA belligerent is an individual, group, country, or other entity that acts in a hostile manner, such as engaging in combat. The term comes from the Latinbellum gerere (meaning "to wage war"). Unlike the use of belligerent as an adjective meaning "aggressive", its use as a noun does not necessarily imply that a belligerent country is an . In times of war, belligerent countries can be contrasted with neutral countries and non-belligerents.Right of revolutionIn political philosophy, the right of revolution or right of rebellion is the right or duty of a people to "alter or abolish" a government that acts against their common interests or threatens the safety of the people without justifiable cause.
Resistance movementOrganized effort to withstand a government or an occupying power Mass demonstrations in Tahrir Square during the 2011 Egyptian revolution A resistance movement is an organized effort by a group of people to oppose or challenge an established authority, such as a government or an occupying power.
PoliticsActivities associated with group decisionsThe opening of the 79th session of the United Nations General AssemblyPolitics is the activity of settling affairs in an organized society. Politics is usually concerned with resolving issues within a society via a government. Politicians are individuals engaged in the activity of politics. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science.Social exclusionSocial exclusion or social marginalisation or social marginalization is a social disadvantage and relegation to the fringes of society. The term has been used widely in Europe and was first used in France in the late 20th century. In the EU context, the European Commission defines it as "a situation whereby a person is prevented (or excluded) from contributing to and benefiting from economic and social progress".
John LockeJohn Locke (; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of the Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism". His important works include A Letter Concerning Toleration (1689), Two Treatises of Government (1689/90), both published anonymously, and An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689/90).
Public goodIn economics, a public good (also referred to as a social good or collective good) is a commodity, product or service that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous and which is typically provided by a government and paid for through taxation. Use by one person neither prevents access by other people, nor does it reduce availability to others, so the good can be used simultaneously by more than one person.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.