Honorifics in JudaismThere are a number of honorifics in Judaism that vary depending on the status of, and the relationship to, the person to whom one is referring. HasidḤasīd is a Jewish honorific, frequently used as a term of exceptional respect in the Talmudic and early medieval periods. RabbiThe word Rabbi means "master" and is traditionally used for a religious teacher. In English in particular, it came to be commonly used to refer to any ordained Jewish scholar.
RabbiA rabbi (; Hebrew: רַבִּי, romanized: rabbī, IPA:) is a Jewish preacher and religious leader in Judaism. A person becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi — known as Semikhah — following a course of study of Jewish history and texts, including the Tanakh, Midrash, Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud, Halakha, and rabbinic commentaries thereon.ChabadChabad, also known as Lubavitch, Habad and Chabad-Lubavitch (US: ; Hebrew: חב״ד לובביץּ׳; Yiddish: חב״ד ליובאוויטש), is a Hasidic dynasty and global movement within Haredi Judaism.
HalakhaHalakha ( ; Hebrew: הֲלָכָה, romanized: hălāḵā, Sephardic:), is the collective body of Jewishreligious laws that are derived from the Written and Oral Torah. Halakha is based on biblical commandments (mitzvot), subsequent Talmudic and rabbinic laws, and the customs and traditions which were compiled in the many books such as the Shulchan Aruch or Mishneh Torah.
Hasidic JudaismHasidism (Hebrew: חסידות, romanized: Ḥăsīdūt) or Hasidic Judaism is a religious movement within Judaism that arose in the 18th century as a spiritual revival movement in contemporary Western Ukraine before spreading rapidly throughout Eastern Europe. Today, most of those affiliated with the movement, known as hassidim, reside in Israel and in the United States, and to a lesser extent in Canada, the United Kingdom, Argentina and Belgium.
YiddishYiddish, historically referred to as Judeo-German or Jewish German, is a West Germanic language and Jewish ethnolect historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German, fused with many elements taken from Hebrew (notably Mishnaic Hebrew) and to some extent Aramaic.
TzadikTzadik (Hebrew: צַדִּיק ṣaddīq [tsaˈdik], "righteous [one]"; also zadik or sadiq; pl. tzadikim [tsadiˈkim] צדיקים ṣadīqīm) is a title in Judaism given to people considered righteous, such as biblical figures and later spiritual masters. The root of the word ṣadiq, is (צ־ד־ק ṣ-d-q), which relates to "justice" or "righteousness". When applied to a righteous woman, the term is inflected as tzadeket singularly or tzidkaniot in the plural.Orthodox JudaismTraditionalist branches of JudaismOrthodox Judaism is a collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Judaism. Theologically, it is chiefly defined by regarding the Torah, both Written and Oral, as literally revealed by God on Mount Sinai and faithfully transmitted ever since.
Hebrew languageHebrew is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and remained in regular use as a first language until after 200 CE and as the liturgical language of Judaism (since the Second Temple period) and Samaritanism. The language was revived as a spoken language in the 19th century, and is the only successful large-scale example of linguistic revival.List of Hasidic dynasties and groupsA Hasidic dynasty or Chassidic dynasty is a dynasty led by HasidicJewish spiritual leaders known as rebbes, and usually has some or all of the following characteristics: Each leader of the dynasty is referred to as an ADMOR (abbreviation for Adoneinu Moreinu Verabeinu – "our master, our teacher, and our rabbi"), or simply as Rebbe (or "the Rebbe"), and at times called the "Rav" ("rabbi"), and sometimes referred to in English as a "Grand Rabbi";The dynasty continues beyond the initial leader's lifetime by succession (usually by a family descendant);The dynasty is usually named after a key town in Eastern Europe where the founder may have been born or lived, and sometimes, such as in the case of the Bostoner Chassidim, where the group began to grow and flourish or where a significantly influential Jewish teacher founds a court or yeshiva where students go to learn from, or consult with, that Rebbe;The dynasty has (or once had) followers who, through time, continue following successive leaders (rebbes), or may even continue as a group without a leader by following the precepts of a deceased leader.Distinguished from a dynasty, a Hasidic group or Chassidic group has the following characteristics: It was founded by a leader who did not appoint or leave a successor;It may be named after a key town in Eastern Europe where the founder may have been born or lived, or where the group began to grow and flourish, or it may be named after the founder himself;It has followers who continue as a group under the direction of rabbis who expound and interpret the precepts of the deceased founder.Dynasties with larger followingHasidic dynasties (arranged alphabetically) with a large following include: Dynasties with smaller followingHasidic dynasties (arranged alphabetically) with a small following include: Hasidic groups (non-dynastic)Other dynastiesMany of these dynasties have presently few or no devotees, due to most of the Hasidic groups being destroyed during the Holocaust, 1939–1945.
Yiddish orthographyWriting of the Yiddish language Letter from Ber Borochov to Shmuel Niger 1913, a sample of Yiddish handwriting. Yiddish orthography is the writing system used for the Yiddish language. Yiddish is written with the Hebrew script, whose letters are used as the basis of a full vocalic alphabet (unlike the abjad system used for the Hebrew language).*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.