Ancient history of YemenPart of a series on theHistory of Yemen Timeline Ancient history Kingdom of Awsan (c. 800 – c. 700 BC) Kingdom of Saba' (c. 1200 – c. 275 CE) Kingdom of Ḥaḑramawt (c. 1000 – c. 290 BCE) Kingdom of Qatabān (c. 1000 – c. 200 AD) Kingdom of Ma'in (c. 600 – c. 150 BCE) Kingdom of Ḥimyar (c. 110 – c. 525 CE) Axumite Yemen (c. 517 – c. 570 ) Sasanian Yemen (c. 570 – c. 630 ) Islamic history First Islamic state (c. 622 – c. 632) Rashidun Caliphate Umayyad Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate Ziyadid dynasty Najahid dynasty Sulayhid dynasty Zurayids (266–316) Hamdanids (304–439) Mahdids (304–439) Ayyubid dynasty Rasulid dynasty Tahirid state (266–316) Kathiri State (304–439) Modern history Ottoman Eyalet Qasimid state Aden Protectorate Ottoman vilayet Mutawakkilite Kingdom South Yemen (1967–1990) North Yemen (1962–1990) Unified Yemen (1990-present) Related topics Portuguese Socotra Yemeni unification 1994 Civil War Yemeni revolution Civil war (2014–present) COVID-19 pandemic Red Sea crisis Yemen portalvte Sabaean inscription addressed to the moon-god Almaqah, mentioning five South Arabian gods, two reigning sovereigns and two governors, 7th century BCE.
South ArabiaSouth Arabia (Arabic: جنوب الجزيرة العربية, romanized: Janub al-Jazirat al-Arabia), or Greater Yemen, is a historical region that consists of the southern region of the Arabian Peninsula in the southern part of West Asia, mainly centered in what is now the Republic of Yemen, yet it historically included Najran, Jazan, and Asir, which are presently in Saudi Arabia, and Dhofar of present-day Oman.
TimnaTimna (Qatabānic: 𐩩𐩣𐩬𐩲, romanized:tmnʿ, Timnaʿ; Arabic: تمنع, romanized: Timnaʿ) is an ancient city in Yemen, the capital of the Qataban kingdom. During ancient times, Timna was an important hub in the famous Incense Route, which supplied Arabian and Indian incense via camelcaravan to ports on the , most notably Gaza, and Petra.
Kingdom of HadhramautḤaḍramawt (Hadrami: 𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩩, romanized: ḥḍrmt; Sabaic, Minaic, Qatabānic: 𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩥𐩩, romanized: ḥḍrmwt) was an ancient South Semitic-speaking kingdom of South Arabia (ancient Yemen) which existed from the early 1st millennium BCE till the late 3rd century CE in the area currently named after it in the region of the Ṣayhad desert.
Bab-el-MandebThe Bab-el-Mandeb is a strait and a major global chokepoint between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa, connecting the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. EtymologyIn Bab-el-Mandeb, Bab means "gate" or "door" while Mandeb means "lamentation" or "grief".
AwsanAncient South Arabian kingdom Kingdom of AwsanQatabanian: 𐩱𐩥𐩯𐩬; Arabic: أوسان8th century BC–7th century BC Core territory Peripheral territory Wadis ● Hajar Yahirr ○ Niṣāb CapitalḤajar YaḥirrCommon languagesOld South ArabianReligion Arabian paganismHistory • Established 8th century BC• Disestablished 7th century BC Succeeded by Qataban Saba' Today part ofYemen Part of a series on theHistory of Yemen Timeline Ancient history Kingdom of Awsan (c. 800 – c. 700 BC) Kingdom of Saba' (c. 1200 – c. 275 CE) Kingdom of Ḥaḑramawt (c. 1000 – c. 290 BCE) Kingdom of Qatabān (c. 1000 – c. 200 AD) Kingdom of Ma'in (c. 600 – c. 150 BCE) Kingdom of Ḥimyar (c. 110 – c. 525 CE) Axumite Yemen (c. 517 – c. 570 ) Sasanian Yemen (c. 570 – c. 630 ) Islamic history First Islamic state (c. 622 – c. 632) Rashidun Caliphate Umayyad Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate Ziyadid dynasty Najahid dynasty Sulayhid dynasty Zurayids (266–316) Hamdanids (304–439) Mahdids (304–439) Ayyubid dynasty Rasulid dynasty Tahirid state (266–316) Kathiri State (304–439) Modern history Ottoman Eyalet Qasimid state Aden Protectorate Ottoman vilayet Mutawakkilite Kingdom South Yemen (1967–1990) North Yemen (1962–1990) Unified Yemen (1990-present) Related topics Portuguese Socotra Yemeni unification 1994 Civil War Yemeni revolution Civil war (2014–present) COVID-19 pandemic Red Sea crisis Yemen portalvte The Kingdom of Awsan, commonly known simply as Awsan (Qatabanian: 𐩱𐩥𐩯𐩬, romanized: ʾwsn; Arabic: أوسان, romanized: ʾAwsān), was a kingdom in Ancient South Arabia, centered around a wadi called the Wadi Markha.
Ma'inMa'in (Minaean: 𐩣𐩲𐩬; Arabic: معين, romanized: Maʿīn) was an ancient South Arabian kingdom in modern-day Yemen. It was located along the strip of desert called Ṣayhad by medieval Arab geographers, which is now known as Ramlat al-Sab'atayn. Wadd was the national god of Ma'in. The spoken language was Minaic. The kingdom appears in the historical record in the 8th century BCE, and transition from a city-state to kingdom in the last quarter of the 7th century BCE.
Qatabānian languageQatabānian (or Qatabānic), one of the four better-documented languages of the Old South Arabian (or "Ṣayhadic") sub-group of South Semitic, was spoken mainly but not exclusively in the kingdom of Qatabān, located in central Yemen. The language is attested between 500 BC and 200 AD. Some two thousand inscriptions are known and written in the Ancient South Arabian Monumental Script, known as Musnad.
HimyarHimyar was a South Arabian kingdom whose original heartland lay in the southern highlands of present-day Yemen. From this core, Himyar expanded at the expense of the other South Arabian kingdoms and, by the late third century CE, had established its supremacy over most of South Arabia, its rulers subsequently extended their authority into parts of the Arabian interior.
ShebaAncient South Arabian kingdomToday part ofYemenEritreaEthiopia
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