Condensed tanninCondensed tannins (proanthocyanidins, polyflavonoid tannins, catechol-type tannins, pyrocatecollic type tannins, non-hydrolyzable tannins or flavolans) are polymers formed by the condensation of flavans. They do not contain sugar residues. They are called proanthocyanidins as they yield anthocyanidins when depolymerized under oxidative conditions.
CatechinCatechin is a flavan-3-ol, a type of secondary metabolite providing antioxidant roles in plants. It belongs to the subgroup of polyphenols called flavonoids. The name of the catechin chemical family derives from catechu, which is the tannic juice or boiled extract of Mimosa catechu (Acacia catechu L.f.). ChemistryCatechin possesses two benzene rings (called the A and B rings) and a dihydropyranheterocycle (the C ring) with a hydroxyl group on carbon 3.
CranberryCranberries are a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the subgenusOxycoccus of the genus Vaccinium. Cranberries are low, creeping shrubs or vines up to 2 meters (7 ft) long and 5 to 20 centimeters (2 to 8 in) in height; they have slender stems that are not thickly woody and have small evergreen leaves. The flowers are dark pink. The fruit is a berry that is larger than the leaves of the plant; it is initially light green, turning red when ripe.
PolyphenolClass of chemical compoundsRepresentative chemical structure of one of many plant-derived polyphenols that comprise tannic acid. Such compounds are formed by esterification of phenylpropanoid-derived gallic acid to a monosaccharide (glucose) core.Polyphenols () are a large family of naturally occurring phenols. They are abundant in plants and structurally diverse.
FlavonoidFlavonoids (or bioflavonoids; from the Latin word flavus, meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of polyphenolicsecondary metabolites found in plants. Blackberry, black currant, chokeberry, and red cabbage are examples of plants with rich contents of flavonoids.
OligomerIn chemistry and biochemistry, an oligomer () is a molecule that consists of a few repeating units which could be derived, actually or conceptually, from smaller molecules, monomers. The name is composed of Greek elements , "a few" and , "parts". An adjective form is oligomeric. The oligomer concept is contrasted to that of a polymer, which is usually understood to have a large number of units, possibly thousands or millions.
BlueberryBlueberries are a widely distributed and widespread group of perennial flowering plants with blue or purple berries. They are classified in the sectionCyanococcus within the genusVaccinium. Commercial blueberries—both wild (lowbush) and cultivated (highbush)—are all native to North America.
Gallic acidNames Preferred IUPAC name3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acidOther names Gallic acidIdentifiers CAS Number149-91-75995-86-8 (monohydrate)3D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:30778ChEMBLChEMBL288114ChemSpider361ECHA InfoCard100.005.228EC Number205-749-9IUPHAR/BPS5549KEGGC01424PubChemCID370RTECS numberLW7525000UNII632XD903SP48339473OT (monohydrate)CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID0020650InChIInChI=1S/C7H6O5/c8-4-1-3(7(11)12)2-5(9)6(4)10/h1-2,8-10H,(H,11,12)Key: LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/C7H6O5/c8-4-1-3(7(11)12)2-5(9)6(4)10/h1-2,8-10H,(H,11,12)Key: LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYANSMILESO=C(O)c1cc(O)c(O)c(O)c1Properties Chemical formulaC7H6O5Molar mass170.12 g/mol Appearance White, yellowish-white, orpale fawn-colored crystals.
EsterIn chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (either organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidichydroxyl group (−OH) of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (R′). These compounds contain a distinctive functional group. Analogues derived from oxygen replaced by other chalcogens belong to the ester category as well.
GrapeA grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus Vitis. Grapes are a non-climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The cultivation of grapes began approximately 8,000 years ago, and the fruit has been used as human food throughout its history.
Urinary tract infectionA urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects a part of the urinary tract, which includes the bladder, urethra and the kidney. Lower UTIs affect the bladder (cystitis) or urethra while upper UTIs affect the kidney (pyelonephritis). Symptoms from a lower UTI include burning or pain during urination, pain in the lower abdomen and the urge to urinate even when the bladder is empty.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.