Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthAristocratic republic in Europe (1569–1795)"First Polish Republic" redirects here. For the first Polish state called republic, see Second Polish Republic.The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (Polish: I Rzeczpospolita), was a federativereal union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795.
ColonelColonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is the highest ranking non-General grade officer used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of a regiment in an army. Modern usage varies greatly, and in some cases, the term is used as an honorific title that may have no direct military relationship.
RegimentA regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, service, or specialisation. In Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of front-line soldiers, recruited or conscripted in one geographical area, by a leader who was often also the feudal lord in capite of the soldiers. Lesser barons of knightly rank could be expected to muster or hire a company or battalion from their manorial estate.
Military rankMilitary ranks are a system of hierarchical relationships within armed forces, police, intelligence agencies and other institutions organized along military lines. Responsibility for personnel, equipment and missions grows with each advancement. The military rank system defines dominance, authority and responsibility within a military hierarchy.
Ukrainian languageEast Slavic languageUkrainian (українська мова, ukrainska mova, IPA:) is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Ukraine. It is the first (native) language of a large majority of Ukrainians. Written Ukrainian uses the Ukrainian alphabet, a variant of the Cyrillic script. The standard language is studied by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Potebnia Institute of Linguistics.
Polish languageWest Slavic languagePolish (endonym: język polski, , polszczyzna or simply polski, ) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic subgroup, within the Indo-European language family, and is written in the Latin script. It is primarily spoken in Poland and serves as the official language of the country, as well as the language of the Polish diaspora around the world. In 2024, there were over 39.7 million Polish native speakers.
Russian languageRussian is an East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the Russian people. Russian was the de facto (and de jure in its final years) official language of the former Soviet Union.
Macedonian languageMacedonian ( MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ən; македонски јазик, translit. makedonski jazik, pronounced [maˈkɛdɔnski ˈjazik] ) is an Eastern South Slavic language. It is part of the South Slavic languages, and is one of the Slavic languages, which are part of the Balto-Slavic branch and the larger Indo-European language family. Spoken as a first language by around 1.7 million people, it serves as the official language of North Macedonia.OberstOberst (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐst] ) is a senior field officer rank in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, equivalent to Colonel. It is currently used by both the ground and air forces of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, and Norway. The Swedish rank överste is a direct translation, as are the Finnish rank eversti and the Icelandic rank ofursti.
Literal translationLiteral translation, direct translation, word-for-word translation, word-by-word translation, or word-to-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).
Bulgarian languageBulgarian is an Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeast Europe, primarily in Bulgaria. It is the language of the Bulgarians. Along with the closely related Macedonian language (collectively forming Macedo-Bulgarian), it is a member of the Balkan sprachbund and South Slavic dialect continuum of the Indo-European language family.
SlavsGrouping of people (Learn how and when to remove this message) Ethnic group The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages.полковникRelated word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.