Italian Renaissance sculptureItalian Renaissance sculpture was an important part of the art of the Italian Renaissance, in the early stages arguably representing the leading edge. The example of Ancient Roman sculpture hung very heavily over it, both in terms of style and the uses to which sculpture was put. In complete contrast to painting, there were many surviving Roman sculptures around Italy, above all in Rome, and new ones were being excavated all the time, and keenly collected.
BronzeBronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals (such as phosphorus) or metalloids (such as arsenic or silicon). These additions produce a range of alloys some of which are harder than copper alone or have other useful properties, such as strength, ductility, or machinability.
MedalA medal or medallion is a small portable artistic object, a thin disc, normally of metal, carrying a design, usually on both sides. They often have a commemorative purpose, and many are presented as awards. They may be intended to be worn, suspended from clothing or jewellery, although this has not always been the case. They may be struck by dies, as most coins are, or die-cast in a mould.
Victoria and Albert MuseumThe Victoria and Albert Museum (abbreviated V&A) in the United Kingdom is the world's largest museum of applied arts, decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 2.8 million objects. The Victoria and Albert Museum collection is housed across six sites in the United Kingdom.
Commemorative plaqueA commemorative plaque, or simply plaque, or in other places referred to as a historical marker, historic marker, or historic plaque, is a plate of metal, ceramic, stone, wood, or other material, bearing text or an image in relief, or both, to commemorate one or more persons, an event, a former use of the place, or some other thing. Most such plaques are attached to a wall, stone, or other vertical surface.
Old master printAn old master print (also spaced masterprint) is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition (mostly by Old Masters). The term remains current in the art trade, and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of "fine art" produced in printmaking from the vast range of decorative, utilitarian and popular prints that grew rapidly alongside the artistic print from the 15th century onwards.
Oxford Art OnlineOxford Art Online is an Oxford University Press online gateway into art research, which was launched in 2008. It provides access to several online art reference works, including Grove Art Online (originally published in 1996 in a print version, The Dictionary of Art), the online version of the Benezit Dictionary of Artists, and The Oxford Companion to Western Art.
ReliefRelief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces remain attached to a solid background of the same material. The term relief is from the Latin verb relevare, to raise (lit. 'to lift back'). To create a sculpture in relief (also known as a relief sculpture) is to give the impression that the sculpted material has been raised above the background plane.
LimestoneType of sedimentary rockLimestone is a type of carbonatesedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the mineralscalcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonateCaCO3. Limestone forms when these minerals precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium.
MannerismMannerism is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Italy, when the Baroque style largely replaced it. Northern Mannerism continued into the early 17th century.
Lost-wax castingLost-wax casting – also called investment casting, precision casting, or cire perdue (French:; borrowed from French) – is the process by which a duplicate sculpture (often a metal, such as silver, gold, brass, or bronze) is cast from an original sculpture. Intricate works can be achieved by this method. The oldest known examples of this technique are approximately 6,500 years old (4550–4450 BC) and attributed to gold artefacts found at Bulgaria's Varna Necropolis.
Engraved gemAn engraved gem, frequently referred to as an intaglio (pl. intaglios, intagli), is a small and usually semi-preciousgemstone that has been carved, in the Western tradition normally with images or inscriptions only on one face. The engraving of gemstones was a major luxury art form in the ancient world, and an important one in some later periods. It is one type of product of lapidary, the practice of shaping stone including gemstones or minerals, into decorative items.
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