Quietism (Christian contemplation)17th-century ideas heretical to Catholics Quietism is the name given (especially in Catholic theology) to a set of contemplative practices that rose in popularity in France, Italy, and Spain during the late 1670s and 1680s, particularly associated with the writings of the Spanish mystic Miguel de Molinos (and subsequently François Malaval and Madame Guyon), and which were condemned as heresy by Pope Innocent XI in the papal bull Coelestis Pastor of 1687.
Philipp SpenerGerman Lutheran theologian (1635–1705) The ReverendPhilipp SpenerBornPhilipp Jakob Spener(1635-01-30)30 January 1635Rappoltsweiler, Upper Alsace, Holy Roman EmpireDied5 February 1705(1705-02-05) (aged 70)Berlin, Margraviate of Brandenburg, Holy Roman EmpireEducationUniversity of StrasbourgOccupations Lutheran theologian Pastor Lecturer MovementPietism Philipp Jakob Spener (23 January 1635 – 5 February 1705) was a German Lutheran theologian and pastor who essentially founded what became known as Pietism.
Hans Nielsen HaugeHans Nielsen Hauge (3 April 1771 – 29 March 1824) was a 19th-century Norwegian Lutheran lay minister, spiritual leader, business entrepreneur, social reformer and author. He led a noted Pietism revival known as the Haugean movement. Hauge is also considered to have been influential in the early industrialization of Norway.
PietyPiety is a virtue which may include religious devotion or spirituality. A common element in most conceptions of piety is a duty of respect. In a religious context, piety may be expressed through pious activities or devotions, which may vary among countries and cultures. EtymologyThe word piety comes from the Latin word pietas, the noun form of the adjective pius (which means "devout" or "dutiful").Peter SpaakPeter Spaak (6 June 1696 – 2 December 1769) was a Swedish Protestant Reformer. Challenging the Lutheran orthodoxy as an early proponent of freedom of religion in Sweden, he founded the society of Pietists based in the Diocese of Gothenburg, a society part of which was later integrated into the Church of Sweden.
LutheranismMajor branch of ProtestantismLutheran priest elevating the host during the Mass at Alsike Church, SwedenChurch of the Revelation, an Evangelical-Lutheran parish of the Church of Sweden in the locality of Saltsjöbaden
GermanyCountry in EuropeGermany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Western and Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north with the Alps to the south. Its 16 constituent states have a total population of over 83 million, making it the most populous member state of the European Union (EU).
ProtestantismMajor branch of Christianity
ChristianityAbrahamic monotheistic religion
NorwayCountry in northern Europe Kingdom of NorwayKongeriket Norge (Bokmål)Kongeriket Noreg (Nynorsk) (in other official languages) Northern Sami:Norgga gonagasriikaLule Sami:Vuona gånågisrijkkaSouthern Sami:Nöörjen gånkarïjhkeKven:Norjan kuninkhaanvaltakunta Flag Coat of arms Anthem: Ja, vi elsker dette landet(English: "Yes, we love this country")Royal anthem: Kongesangen(English: "King's Song") Show globeShow map of EuropeShow overseas territories and dependenciesLocation of the Kingdom of Norway (green)in Europe (green and dark grey)Capitaland largest cityOslo59°56′N 10°41′E / 59.933°N 10.683°E / 59.933; 10.683Official languagesNorwegianSámiRecognised national sign languagesNorwegian Sign LanguageRecognised national minority languagesKvenRomaniScandoromaniEthnic groups (2025) 78.6% Norwegian 21.4% others Religion (2024)68.5% Christianity 61.7% Church of Norway 6.8% other Christian 27.3% no religion3.4% Islam0.8% otherDemonymNorwegianGovernmentUnitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy• Monarch Haakon VIII• Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre• President of the Storting Masud Gharahkhani• Chief Justice Toril Marie Øie LegislatureStortingUnification of the petty kingdoms• State established 872• Peak extent of the Old Kingdom 1263• Kalmar Union (personal union) 1397• Denmark–Norway (real union) 1524• State re-established 25 February 1814• Constitution 17 May 1814• Kingdoms of Sweden–Norway (personal union) 4 November 1814• Union dissolved 7 June 1905 Area • Total385,207 km2 (148,729 sq mi) (61sta)• Water (%)5.32 (2015)Population• 2026 Q2 estimate 5,633,770 (116th)• Density14.6/km2 (37.8/sq mi) (224th)GDP (PPP)2026 estimate• Total $654.160 billion (49th)• Per capita $115,548 (5th)GDP (nominal)2026 estimate• Total $599.406 billion (30th)• Per capita $105,877 (6th)Gini (2020) 25.3low inequalityHDI (2023) 0.970very high (2nd)CurrencyNorwegian krone (NOK)Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)• Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Date formatdd.mm.yyyyCalling code+47ISO 3166 codeNOInternet TLD.nob Includes the mainland, Svalbard and Jan Mayen.
SwedenCountry in northern EuropeSweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east, and shares a maritime border with Denmark to the south. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi) and with a population of 10.6 million, Sweden is the largest and most populous Nordic country, and is the fifth-largest country in Europe.
Carl Olof RoseniusCarl Olof Rosenius (3 February 1816 – 24 February 1868) was a Swedish lay preacher, author and editor of the monthly Pietisten (The Pietist) from 1842 to 1868. He was one of the country's most widely-heard preachers of his day and has been described as being of "extraordinary importance for the low-church evangelical revival not only in Sweden but also in the other Nordic countries".*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.