Ancient GreekAncient Greek (Ἑλληνική, Hellēnikḗ [hellɛːnikɛ̌ː]) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (c. 1400 – c. 1200 BC), Dark Ages (c. 1200 – c. 800 BC), the Archaic or Homeric period (c. 800 – c. 500 BC), and the Classical period (c. 500 – c. 300 BC).
HarmostHarmost (from Ancient Greek (harmostḗs)'joiner, adaptor') was a Spartan term for a military governor. The Spartan general Lysander instituted several harmosts during the period of Spartan hegemony after the end of the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC. They were sent into their subject or conquered towns, partly to keep them in submission, and partly to abolish the democratic form of government, and establish oligarchies instead.
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)Ancient Greek kingdom in the southern BalkansMacedonia ( ; Greek: Μακεδονία, Makedonía), also called Macedon ( ), was an ancientkingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, which later became the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece. The kingdom was founded and initially ruled by the royal Argead dynasty, which was followed by the Antipatrid and Antigonid dynasties.
Spartan hegemonySpartan hegemony was the period of dominance by Sparta in Greek affairs from 404 to 371 BC. Even before this period, the polis of Sparta was the greatest military land power of classical Greek antiquity and governed, dominated or influenced the entire Peloponnese. The defeat of the Athenians and the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War in 431–404 BC resulted in a short-lived Spartan dominance of the southern Greek world from 404 to 371 BC.
SpartaCity-state in ancient GreeceSparta was a prominent ancient Greekpolis in Laconia. In classical antiquity, the state was known as Lacedaemon (Λακεδαίμων, Lakedaímōn), while Sparta referred to its capital, a group of villages in the valley of the Evrotas River in Laconia, in southeastern Peloponnese. During the 7th century BC, it rose to become the most prominent land military power in the Greek world, a status it retained until its defeat at Leuctra in 371 BC.
EionEion (Ancient Greek: Ἠϊών, Ēiṓn), one of two ancient cities named Chrysopolis, was an ancient GreekEretrian colony in Thracian Macedonia specifically in the region of Edonis. It sat at the mouth of the Strymon River which flows into the Aegean from the interior of Thrace. It is referred to in Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War as a place of considerable strategic importance to the Athenians during the Peloponnesian War.
EpiskopoiEpiskopoi (Ancient Greek: ἐπίσκοποι, sing. ἐπίσκοπος, episkopos, literally "overseer"), Latinizedepiscopus/episcopi, were inspectors who were sometimes sent by the Athenians to subject states. Harpocration compares them to the Lacedaemonianharmosts, and says that they were also called phylakes (φύλακες, "guardians"). It appears that these episkopoi received a salary at the cost of the cities over which they presided.
Peloponnesian WarBelligerentsAthensDelian LeagueThessalyPlataeaArgosAcarnaniaElis (418 BC)Mantinea (418 BC)Segesta (415–413 BC)Etruscans (415–413 BC)SpartaPeloponnesian LeagueThebesBoeotian LeagueDelphiPhocisDorisAmbraciaMacedon (up until 421 BC)SyracuseSupported from 413 by: Tissaphernes (Achaemenid empire) (413–408 BC)Cyrus the Younger (from 408 BC)Commanders and leadersPericles#PhormioCleon†NiciasAlcibiadesX (in exile)DemosthenesArchidamus IIBrasidas†GylippusLysanderAgis IIPleistoanaxCasualties and lossesAt least 18,070 soldiersUnknown number of civilian casualties Unknown The Peloponnesian War was fought in the between the Athenian-led Delian League and the Spartan-led Peloponnesian League from 431 to 404 BC for hegemony over Ancient Greece.
Long WallsThe Long Walls (Ancient Greek: Μακρὰ Τείχη) was a structure that connected Athens' main city to its ports at Piraeus and Phaleron. Built in several phases, they provided a secure connection to the sea during times of siege. The walls were about 6 km (3.7 mi) in length. They were initially constructed in the mid-5th century BC, and destroyed by the Spartans in 403 BC after Athens' defeat in the Peloponnesian War.
History of SpartaThe history of Sparta describes the history of the ancient Doric Greek city-state known as Sparta from its beginning in the legendary period to its incorporation into the Achaean League under the late Roman Republic, as Allied State, in 146 BC, a period of roughly 1000 years. Since the Dorians were not the first to settle the valley of the Eurotas River in the Peloponnesus of Greece, the preceding Mycenaean and Stone Age periods are described as well.
PhorosIn Ancient Greece, phoros (Greek: φόρος) was the name for the membership dues paid to Athens by the members of the Delian League, formed to offer protection from Persian forces. It could be paid in military equipment (such as triremes) or money, most usually the latter. Consequently, a great deal of funds was paid to Athens for the purpose of military initiatives. Athens increased its military forces, resulting in its becoming a dominant and wealthy power.
PericlesPericles ( ; Ancient Greek: Περικλῆς; c. 495–429 BC) was a Greek statesman and general during the Golden Age of Athens. He was prominent and influential in Ancient Athenian politics, particularly between the Greco-Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War, and was acclaimed by Thucydides, a contemporary historian, as "the first citizen of Athens".PhrourarchRelated word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.