Biogeochemical cycleA biogeochemical cycle is the movement of matter within and between ecosystems A biogeochemical cycle, or more generally a cycle of matter, is the movement and transformation of chemical elements and compounds between living organisms, the atmosphere, and the Earth's crust. Major biogeochemical cycles include the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle and the water cycle.
PhosphorusN↑P↓Assilicon ← phosphorus → sulfur
PhosphineNames IUPAC namePhosphaneOther names Hydrogen phosphidePhosphaminePhosphorus trihydridePhosphorated hydrogenIdentifiers CAS Number7803-51-23D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:30278ChemSpider22814ECHA InfoCard100.029.328EC Number232-260-8Gmelin Reference287 PubChemCID24404RTECS numberSY7525000UNIIFW6947296IUN number2199 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID2021157InChIInChI=1S/H3P/h1H3Key: XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/H3P/h1H3Key: XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYAPSMILESPProperties Chemical formulaPH3Molar mass33.99758g/mol Appearance Colourless gas Odorodorless as pure compound; fish-like or garlic-like commercially Density1.379g/L, gas (25°C) Melting point−132.8 °C (−207.0 °F; 140.3 K) Boiling point−87.7 °C (−125.9 °F; 185.5 K) Solubility in water31.2mg/100ml (17°C) SolubilitySoluble in alcohol, ether, CS2 slightly soluble in benzene, chloroform, ethanolVapor pressure41.3atm (20°C) Conjugate acidPhosphonium (PH+4) Refractive index (nD)2.144 Viscosity1.1×10Pa⋅s Structure Molecular shapeTrigonal pyramidal Dipole moment0.58DThermochemistry Heat capacity(C)37J/mol⋅K Std molarentropy(S298)210J/mol⋅K Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)5kJ/mol Gibbs free energy(ΔfG)13kJ/mol Hazards GHS labelling: PictogramsNFPA 704 (fire diamond) 442Flash pointFlammable gas Autoignitiontemperature38 °C (100 °F; 311 K) (see text)Explosive limits1.79–98% Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)3.03mg/kg (rat, oral) LC50 (median concentration)11ppm (rat, 4hr) LCLo (lowest published)1000ppm (mammal, 5min)270ppm (mouse, 2hr)100ppm (guinea pig, 4hr)50ppm (cat, 2hr)2500ppm (rabbit, 20min)1000ppm (human, 5min) NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible)TWA 0.3ppm (0.4mg/m) REL (Recommended)TWA 0.3ppm (0.4mg/m), ST 1ppm (1mg/m) IDLH (Immediate danger)50ppm Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0694Related compounds Other cationsAmmoniaArsineStibineBismuthineRelated compoundsTrimethylphosphineTriphenylphosphineHydrogen sulfideExcept where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Yverify ( ?)
Cell membraneThe cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a semipermeablebiological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
HydrosphereThe hydrosphere (from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water' and σφαῖρα (sphaîra) 'sphere') is the combined body of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet, or natural satellite. Although Earth's hydrosphere has been around for about 4 billion years, it continues to change in shape. This is caused by seafloor spreading and continental drift, which rearranges the land and ocean.
BiosphereThe biosphere (from Ancient Greek (bíos)'life' and (sphaîra)'sphere'), also called the ecosphere (from Ancient Greek (oîkos)'settlement, house' and (sphaîra)'sphere'), is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems. It can also be termed the zone of life on the Earth. The biosphere (which is technically a spherical shell) is virtually a closed system with regard to matter, with minimal inputs and outputs.
Adenosine triphosphateNames IUPAC nameAdenosine 5′-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate)Systematic IUPAC nameO-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl} tetrahydrogen triphosphateIdentifiers CAS Number56-65-5 (free acid)34369-07-8 (disodium salt hydrate)3D model (JSmol)Interactive imageInteractive imageChEBICHEBI:15422ChEMBLChEMBL14249ChemSpider5742DrugBankDB00171ECHA InfoCard100.000.258IUPHAR/BPS1713KEGGC00002PubChemCID5957UNII8L70Q75FXECompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID6022559InChIInChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1Key: ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-NKey: ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUBGSMILESO=P(O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@H]3O[C@@H](n2cnc1c(ncnc12)N)[C@H](O)[C@@H]3Oc1nc(c2c(n1)n(cn2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O)NProperties Chemical formulaC10H16N5O13P3Molar mass507.18 g/mol Density1.04 g/cm (disodium salt) Melting point187 °C (369 °F; 460 K) disodium salt; decomposes Acidity (pKa) 0.9, 1.4, 3.8, 6.5 UV-vis (λmax) 259 nm Absorbanceε259 = 15.4 mM cm Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Yverify ( ?)
DNADeoxyribonucleic acid (pronunciation; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids.
PhospholipidPhospholipids are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue (usually a glycerol molecule). Marine phospholipids typically have omega-3 fatty acidsEPA and DHA integrated as part of the phospholipid molecule. The phosphate group can be modified with simple organic molecules such as choline, ethanolamine or serine.
RNAFamily of large biological moleculesA hairpin loop from a pre-mRNA. Highlighted are the nucleobases (green) and the ribose-phosphate backbone (blue). This is a single strand of RNA that folds back upon itself. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA).
LithosphereA lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
Atmosphere of EarthGas layer surrounding EarthEarth's atmosphere from space, showing a blue layer at the stratosphere, above the clouds of the troposphere. The Moon is visible as a crescent in the background.The atmosphere of Earth consists of a layer of mixed gas (commonly referred to as air) that is retained by gravity, surrounding the Earth's surface. It contains variable quantities of suspended aerosols and particulates that create weather features such as clouds and hazes.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.