TheInfoListRev 39

Topic summary

Phosphine

Related topics
Names IUPAC name
Phosphane
Other names
Hydrogen phosphide
Phosphamine
Phosphorus trihydride
Phosphorated hydrogen
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard100.029.328EC Number
  • 232-260-8
287
RTECS number
  • SY7525000
UNII
UN number2199
  • InChI=1S/H3P/h1H3
    Key: XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/H3P/h1H3
    Key: XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYAP
  • P
Properties PH3Molar mass33.99758g/mol Appearance Colourless gas Odorodorless as pure compound; fish-like or garlic-like commercially Density1.379g/L, gas (25°C) Melting point−132.8 Â°C (−207.0 Â°F; 140.3 K) Boiling point−87.7 Â°C (−125.9 Â°F; 185.5 K) 31.2mg/100ml (17°C) SolubilitySoluble in alcohol, ether, CS2
slightly soluble in benzene, chloroform, ethanolVapor pressure41.3atm (20°C) Conjugate acidPhosphonium (PH+4) 2.144 Viscosity1.1×10Paâ‹…s Structure Trigonal pyramidal 0.58DThermochemistry 37J/molâ‹…K 210J/molâ‹…K 5kJ/mol 13kJ/mol Hazards GHS labelling: NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
4
4
2
Flash pointFlammable gas 38 Â°C (100 Â°F; 311 K) (see text)Explosive limits1.79–98% Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): 3.03mg/kg (rat, oral) 11ppm (rat, 4hr) 1000ppm (mammal, 5min)
270ppm (mouse, 2hr)
100ppm (guinea pig, 4hr)
50ppm (cat, 2hr)
2500ppm (rabbit, 20min)
1000ppm (human, 5min) NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 0.3ppm (0.4mg/m)
REL (Recommended)
TWA 0.3ppm (0.4mg/m), ST 1ppm (1mg/m)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
50ppm Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0694Related compounds
Other cations
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 Â°C [77 Â°F], 100 kPa).
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Phosphine (IUPAC name: phosphane) is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic compound with the chemical formulaPH3, classed as a pnictogen hydride. Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane (P2H4). With traces of P2H4 present, PH3 is spontaneously flammable in air (pyrophoric), burning with a luminous flame. Phosphine is a highly toxic respiratory poison, and is immediately dangerous to life or health at 50 ppm. Phosphine has a trigonal pyramidal structure.

Phosphines are compounds that include PH3 and the organophosphines, which are derived from PH3 by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms with organic groups. They have the general formula PH3−nRn. Phosphanes are saturated phosphorus hydrides of the form PnHn+2, such as triphosphane. Phosphine (PH3) is the smallest of the phosphines and the smallest of the phosphanes.

Wikipedia source