Bulk densityIn materials science, bulk density, also called apparent density, is a material property defined as the mass of the many particles of the material divided by the bulk volume. Bulk volume is defined as the total volume the particles occupy, including particle's own volume, inter-particle void volume, and the particles' internal pore volume.
Aluminium oxideAluminium oxide (or aluminium(III) oxide) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formulaAl2O3. It is the most commonly occurring of several aluminium oxides, and specifically identified as aluminium oxide. It is commonly called alumina and may also be called aloxide, aloxite, ALOX or alundum in various forms and applications. Alumina is refined from bauxite.
Sodium oxideNames IUPAC nameSodium oxideOther names Disodium oxideNatrium oxide (historic)SodaSodium oxidosodiumIdentifiers CAS Number1313-59-33D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChemSpider66599ECHA InfoCard100.013.827EC Number215-208-9PubChemCID73971UNII3075U8R23DUN number1825 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID0049781InChIInChI=1S/2Na.O/q2*+1;-2SMILES[O-2].[Na+].[Na+]Properties Chemical formulaNa2OMolar mass61.979 g·mol Appearance white solid Density2.49 g/cm Melting point1,132 °C (2,070 °F; 1,405 K) Boiling point1,950 °C (3,540 °F; 2,220 K) sublimates Sublimationconditionssublimates at 1275 °C Solubility in waterReacts to form NaOHSolubilityReacts with ethanolMagnetic susceptibility (χ)−19.8·10 cm/mol Structure Crystal structureAntifluorite (face centered cubic), cF12Space groupFm3m, No. 225 Coordination geometryTetrahedral (Na); cubic (O) Thermochemistry Heat capacity(C)72.95 J/(mol·K) Std molarentropy(S298)73 J/(mol·K) Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)−416 kJ/mol Gibbs free energy(ΔfG)−377.1 kJ/mol Hazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): Main hazardscorrosive, reacts violently with water GHS labelling: PictogramsHazard statementsH314Precautionary statementsP260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 301WFlash pointnonflammable Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 1653Related compounds Other anionsSodium sulfideSodium selenideSodium tellurideSodium polonideOther cationsLithium oxidePotassium oxideRubidium oxideCaesium oxideRelated sodiumoxidesSodium peroxideSodium superoxideSodium ozonideRelated compoundsSodium hydroxideExcept where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Yverify ( ?)
Silicon dioxideOxide of siliconChemical compoundSilicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formulaSiO2, and is commonly found in nature as quartz. In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as a synthetic product. Examples include fused quartz, fumed silica, opal, and aerogels.
Potassium oxidePotassium oxide (K2O) is an ionic compound of potassium and oxygen. It is a base. This pale yellow solid is the simplest oxide of potassium. It is a highly reactive compound that is rarely encountered.
WaterNames Preferred IUPAC nameWaterSystematic IUPAC nameOxidane (not in common use)Other names Hydrogen oxideHydrogen hydroxide (H2O or HOH)Hydroxylic acidDihydrogen monoxide (DHMO) (parody name)Dihydrogen oxideHydric acidHydrohydroxic acidHydroxic acidHydroxoic acidHydrolμ-Oxidodihydrogenκ-Hydroxylhydrogen(0)AquaNeutral liquidOxygen dihydride (may be considered incorrect)Identifiers CAS Number7732-18-53D model (JSmol)Interactive imageBeilstein Reference3587155 ChEBICHEBI:15377ChEMBLChEMBL1098659ChemSpider937DrugBankDB09145ECHA InfoCard100.028.902EC Number231-791-2Gmelin Reference117 KEGGC00001PubChemCID962RTECS numberZC0110000UNII059QF0KO0RCompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID6026296InChIInChI=1S/H2O/h1H2Key: XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-NSMILESOProperties Chemical formulaH2OMolar mass18.015 g·mol Appearance Almost colorless or white crystalline solid, almost colorless liquid, with a hint of blue, colorless gas OdorOdorless DensityLiquid (1 atm, VSMOW):0.99984283(84) g/mL at 0 °C0.99997495(84) g/mL at 3.983035(670) °C (temperature of maximum density, often 4 °C)0.99704702(83) g/mL at 25 °C0.96188791(96) g/mL at 95 °CSolid:0.9167 g/mL at 0 °CMelting point0.00 °C (32.00 °F; 273.15 K) Boiling point99.98 °C (211.96 °F; 373.13 K) SolubilityPoorly soluble in haloalkanes, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers.
Industrial MineralsIndustrial Minerals (IM) publication is a specialist online service, supported by a monthly print magazine, covering all aspects of the non-metallic minerals industry, represented by its tagline: "from mine to market". It covers worldwide pricing, news, analysis and data on more than 70 minerals.
SinteringSintering or frittage is the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by pressure or heat without melting it to the point of liquefaction. Sintering happens as part of a manufacturing process used with metals, ceramics, plastics, and other materials. The atoms/molecules in the sintered material diffuse across the boundaries of the particles, fusing the particles together and creating a solid piece.
Volcanic glassVolcanic glass is the amorphous (non-crystalline) product of rapidly cooling magma. Like all types of glass, it is a state of matter intermediate between the closely packed, highly ordered array of a crystal and the highly disordered array of liquid. Volcanic glass may refer to the interstitial material, or matrix, in an aphanitic (fine-grained) volcanic rock, or to any of several types of vitreous igneous rocks.
HorticultureHorticulture (from Latin: + culture) is the science and art of growing ornamental plants, flowers, as well as fruits, vegetables, and other economically valuable crops or trees on a controlled scale.
Soil conditionerA soil conditioner is a product which is added to soil to improve the soil’s physical qualities, usually its fertility (ability to provide nutrition for plants) and sometimes its mechanics. In general usage, the term "soil conditioner" is often thought of as a subset of the category soil amendments (or soil improvement, soil condition), which more often is understood to include a wide range of fertilizers and non-organic materials.
ObsidianObsidian (, ) is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lavaextruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth. It is an igneous rock. Produced from felsic lava, obsidian is rich in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. It is commonly found within the margins of rhyolitic lava flows known as obsidian flows. These flows have a high content of silica, giving them a high viscosity.HydrateIn chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.