Duchy of the PentapolisIn the Byzantine Empire, the Duchy of the Pentapolis was a duchy (Latin: ducatus), a territory ruled by a duke (dux) appointed by and under the Exarch of Ravenna. The Pentapolis (from the Greek term πεντάπολις, "five cities") consisted of the cities of Ancona, Fano, Pesaro, Rimini and Sinigaglia.
PesaroPesaro (Italian:; Romagnol: Pés're) is a comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Marche, capital of the province of Pesaro and Urbino, on the Adriatic Sea. As of January 1st, 2025, its population was 95,266, making it the second most populous city in the Marche, after Ancona.
RavennaRavenna ( ; Italian:, alsolocally; Romagnol: Ravèna, Ravêna) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. It was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire during the fifth century AD until its collapse in 476, after which it served as the capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom and then the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna. With a population of 156,475 inhabitants as of 2026, it is the 24th-largest city in Italy.
Cinque PortsThe confederation of Cinque Ports ( ) is a historic group of coastal towns in south-east England – predominantly in Kent and Sussex, with one outlier (Brightlingsea) in Essex. The name is Old French, meaning "five harbours", and alludes to the original five members (Hastings, New Romney, Hythe, Dover and Sandwich). At its peak in the Late Middle Ages, the confederation included over 40 members.
RiminiCity in Emilia-Romagna, ItalyComune in Emilia-Romagna, ItalyRimini ( ; Italian:; Romagnol: Rémin or Rémne; Latin: Ariminum) is a city and municipality (comune) in the region of Emilia-Romagna in northernItaly. As of 2026, with a population of 150,774, it is Italy's 26th-largest city. Sprawling along the Adriatic Sea, Rimini is situated at a strategically-important north-south passage along the coast at the southern tip of the Po Valley.
TuscanyTuscany ( ; Italian: Toscana) is a region of centralItaly. With a population of 3,659,222 in an area of 22,987.04 square kilometres (8,875.35 square miles), it is the 9th most populous and 5th-largest region of Italy. The capital and largest city is Florence. Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, artistic legacy, and influence on high culture. It is regarded as the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance and of the foundations of the Italian language.
ForlìForlì ( ; Italian:; Romagnol: Furlè; Latin: Forum Livii) is a comune (municipality) and city in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, and is, together with Cesena, the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena.Situated in the Romagna plain along the Via Emilia, east of the Montone River, Forlì is the largest city in the province and has historically occupied a strategic position on the routes crossing the Apennines towards the territories of Romagna historically ruled by Florence until the early 20th century.
SpoletoSpoleto (, alsoUS: , UK: , Italian:; Latin: Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Italianprovince of Perugia in east-central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines. It is 20 km (12 mi) south of Trevi, 29 km (18 mi) north of Terni, 63 km (39 mi) southeast of Perugia; 212 km (132 mi) southeast of Florence; and 126 km (78 mi) north of Rome. Founded by the Umbri in the 10th century BC and later taken by the Etruscans, it became a Roman colony in 241 BC.
Ancient GreekAncient Greek (Ἑλληνική, Hellēnikḗ [hellɛːnikɛ̌ː]) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (c. 1400 – c. 1200 BC), Dark Ages (c. 1200 – c. 800 BC), the Archaic or Homeric period (c. 800 – c. 500 BC), and the Classical period (c. 500 – c. 300 BC).
ForlimpopoliForlimpopoli (Italian pronunciation: [forlimˈpɔːpoli]; Romagnol: Frampùl) is a town and comune in the province of Forlì-Cesena, north-eastern Italy. It is located on the Via Emilia between Cesena and Forlì.
Sodom and GomorrahIn the Abrahamic religions, Sodom () and Gomorrah () were two cities destroyed by God for their wickedness. Their story parallels the Genesis flood narrative in its theme of God's anger provoked by man's sin (see Genesis 19:1–28). They are mentioned frequently in the Nevi'im section of the Hebrew Bible as well as in the New Testament as symbols of human wickedness and divine retribution, and the Quran contains a version of the story about the two cities.
PolisA polis (pl.: poleis) was any Ancient Greekcity-state. The ancient word polis had socio-political connotations not possessed by modern usage. For example, Modern Greek πόλη (póli), "city", is located within a χώρα (chóra), "country", which is a πατρίδα (patrída) or "native land" for its citizens. In ancient Greece, the polis was the native land; there was no other. It had a constitution and demanded the supreme loyalty of its citizens.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.