NormalhöhennullNormalhöhennull (German pronunciation:, "standard elevation zero") or NHN is a vertical datum used in Germany. In geographical terms, NHN is the reference plane for the normal height of a topographical eminence height above mean sea level used in the 1932 German Mean Height Reference System (Deutsches Haupthöhennetz). The plane is in the shape of a quasi-geoid.
Amsterdam Ordnance DatumAmsterdam Ordnance Datum or Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP) is a vertical datum in use in large parts of Western Europe. Originally created for use in the Netherlands, its height was used by Prussia in 1879 for defining Normalnull, and in 1955 by other European countries. In the 1990s, it was used as the reference level for the United European leveling Network (UELN) which in turn led to the European Vertical Reference System (EVRS).
Berlin ObservatoryThe Berlin Observatory (German: Berliner Sternwarte) is a German astronomical institution with a series of observatories and related organizations in and around the city of Berlin in Germany, starting from the 18th century. It has its origins in 1700 when Gottfried Leibniz initiated the "Brandenburg Society of Science″ (Sozietät der Wissenschaften) which would later (1744) become the Prussian Academy of Sciences (Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften).
Vertical datumIn geodesy, surveying, hydrography and navigation, vertical datum or altimetric datum is a reference coordinate surface used for vertical positions, such as the elevations of Earth-bound features (terrain, bathymetry, water level, and built structures) and altitudes of satellite orbits and in aviation. In planetary science, vertical datums are also known as zero-elevation surface or zero-level reference.
HoppegartenHoppegarten (German pronunciation:) is a municipality in the district Märkisch-Oderland, in Brandenburg, Germany. HistoryThe current municipality was created in 2003 when the former municipalities of Hönow and Münchehofe were united with Dahlwitz-Hoppegarten. The old Dahlwitz-Hoppegarten is now a district composed by Birkenstein and Waldesruh. GeographyHoppegarten is located close to the eastern suburbs of Berlin (Mahlsdorf, in the borough of Marzahn-Hellersdorf).
MünchebergMüncheberg (German pronunciation:) is a small town in Märkisch-Oderland, in eastern Germany approximately halfway between Berlin and the border with Poland, within the historic region of Lubusz Land. GeographyPrior to 2003 the area today covered by Müncheberg was organized as the so-called "Amt Müncheberg".
Metres above the AdriaticMetres above the Adriatic (Italian: Metri sopra l'Adriatico, German: Meter über Adria, Serbo-Croatian: Metara iznad Jadrana) is the vertical datum used in Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia to measure elevation, referring to the average water level of the Adriatic Sea at the Sartorio mole in the Port of Trieste.
Geodetic datumInternational Terrestrial Reference SystemSpatial Reference System Identifier (SRID)Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
North American DatumInternational Terrestrial Reference SystemSpatial Reference System Identifier (SRID)Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Spatial reference systemInternational Terrestrial Reference SystemSpatial Reference System Identifier (SRID)Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Prime meridian (Greenwich)The Greenwich meridian is a prime meridian, a geographical reference line that passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, in London, England. From 1884 to 1974, the Greenwich meridian was the international standard prime meridian, used worldwide for timekeeping and navigation. The modern standard, the IERS Reference Meridian, is based on the Greenwich meridian, but differs slightly from it.
Meades Ranch Triangulation StationThe Meades Ranch Triangulation Station is a survey marker in Osborne County in the state of Kansas in the Midwestern United States. The marker was initially placed in 1891. From 1901, it was the reference location for establishing a system of horizontal measurement in the United States, known as geodetic datum. In 1913, the datum was adopted across all of North America, and the system revised and formalized as the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27).*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.