SukkalMesopotamian administrative office and type of deityA seal of Lugal-ushumgal as servant of Naram-Sin, possibly depicting Ninshubur, the archetypal sukkal, carrying a staff, the attribute of this class of deitiesSukkal (conventionally translated from Sumerian as "vizier") was a term which could denote both a type of official and a class of deities in ancient Mesopotamia.
NabuNabu (Akkadian: , romanized: Nabû, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: נְבוֹ, romanized: Nəḇo) is the Babylonian patron god of literacy, scribes, wisdom, and the rational arts. He is associated with the classical planetMercury in Babylonian astronomy. Etymology and meaningThe Akkadian nabû means 'announcer' or 'authorised person', derived from the Semitic rootn-b-y or nbʾ.KumarbiKumarbi, also known as Kumurwe, Kumarwi and Kumarma, was a Hurrian god. He held a senior position in the Hurrian pantheon, and was described as the "father of gods". He was portrayed as an old, deposed king of the gods, though this most likely did not reflect factual loss of the position of the head of the pantheon in Hurrian religion, but only a mythological narrative.
NuskaNuska or Nusku, possibly also known as Našuḫ, was a Mesopotamian god best attested as the sukkal (divine vizier) of Enlil. He was also associated with fire and light, and could be invoked as a protective deity against various demons, such as Lamashtu or gallu. His symbols included a staff, a lamp and a rooster. Various traditions existed regarding his genealogy, with some of them restricted to texts from specific cities.
Sumerian languageSumerian was the language of ancient Sumer. It is the oldest attested language, dating back to at least 3100 BC, perhaps earlier. It is a local language isolate, thus unrelated to any other known language, that was spoken exclusively in ancient Mesopotamia, in the area that is now modern-day Iraq. Sumerian is read from left to right, from the top; however early inscriptions were read top to bottom from the right.
List of Mesopotamian deitiesAkkadian cylinder seal dating to c. 2300 BC, depicting the deities Inanna, Utu, Enki, and IsimudMap showing the extent of Mesopotamia and its major cities relative to modern landmarksDeities in ancient Mesopotamia were almost exclusively anthropomorphic. They were thought to possess extraordinary powers and were often envisioned as being of tremendous physical size.
Hittite mythology and religionHittite mythology and Hittite religion were the religious beliefs and practices of the Hittites, who created an empire centered in Anatolia from c. 1600–1180 BC. Most of the narratives embodying Hittite mythology are lost, and the elements that would give a balanced view of Hittite religion are lacking among the tablets recovered at the Hittite capital Hattusa and other Hittite sites.
History of MesopotamiaMap showing the extent of Mesopotamia The Civilization of Mesopotamia ranges from the earliest human occupation in the Paleolithic period up to Late antiquity. This history is pieced together from evidence retrieved from archaeological excavations and, after the introduction of writing in the late 4th millennium BC, an increasing amount of historical sources.
Hurrian religionPolytheistic religion in the Bronze Age Near EastHurrian incense containerThe Hurrian religion was the polytheistic religion of the Hurrians, a Bronze Age people of the Near East who chiefly inhabited the north of the Fertile Crescent. While the oldest evidence goes back to the third millennium BCE, it is best attested in cuneiform sources from the second millennium BCE written not only in the Hurrian language, but also Akkadian, Hittite and Ugaritic.
Old Babylonian Empire2nd millennium BCE empire in Babylonia Old Babylonian Empirec.
Neo-Babylonian EmpireAncient Mesopotamian empire (626–539 BC)The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to ancient Mesopotamia.
DagonDagon or Dagan (Sumerian: 𒀭𒁕𒃶, romanized: da-gan; Phoenician: 𐤃𐤂𐤍, romanized: Dāgān) was a god worshipped in ancient Syria, across the middle of the Euphrates, with primary temples located in Tuttul and Terqa, though many attestations of his cult come from cities such as Mari and Emar as well.
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