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The navigli (Italian pronunciation:; Lombard: Navili, singular and plural) are a system of interconnected canals in and around Milan, in the Italian region of Lombardy, dating back as far as the Middle Ages. The system consists of five canals: Naviglio Grande, Naviglio Pavese, Naviglio Martesana, Naviglio di Paderno, Naviglio di Bereguardo. The first three were connected through Milan via the Fossa Interna, also known as the Inner Ring.

Naviglio MartesanaNaviglio MartesanaThe Naviglio della Martesana (Milanese: Nivili de la Martesanna [niˈʋiːri de la marteˈzana]) is a canal in the Lombardy region, Northern Italy. Running from the Adda river, in the vicinity of Trezzo sull'Adda, to Milan, it was also known as Naviglio Piccolo (Lombard: Navijett [naʋiˈjɛt]). It is part of the system of navigli of the Milan area.Naviglio GrandeNaviglio GrandeThe Naviglio Grande is a canal in Lombardy, northern Italy, connecting the Ticino river near Tornavento (23 km (14 mi) south of Sesto Calende) to the Porta Ticinese dock, also known as the Darsena, in Milan. It drops 34 m (112 ft) over 49.9 km (31.0 mi). It varies in width from 22 to 50 m (72 to 164 ft) from Tornavento to Abbiategrasso, dropping to 15 m (49 ft) between there and Milan.Naviglio PaveseNaviglio PaveseThe Naviglio Pavese is one of the canals making up the Navigli system in Lombardy, Italy. Once navigable, it is 33 km (21 mi) long and connected the city of Milan to Pavia, and through a flight of six locks to the River Ticino. Construction started in 1564, but was interrupted 20 years later just outside Milan due to technical problems: the lock there is still called Conca Fallata, which in Italian means "Failed Lock".CanalCanalCanals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineeredchannels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transportvehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface flow under atmospheric pressure, and can be thought of as artificial rivers. In most cases, a canal has a series of dams and locks that create reservoirs of low speed current flow.Naviglio di BereguardoNaviglio di BereguardoThe Bereguardo Canal (Italian: Naviglio di Bereguardo) was a navigable canal, part of the Navigli system in Lombardy, Italy. A secondary branch of the Naviglio Grande, it diverges at Abbiategrasso, heading south to Bereguardo (a distance of about 18 kilometres or 11 miles). The Naviglio di Bereguardo, along with the Naviglio Grande and the Naviglio di Pavia, connect Milan to the Ticino, which then connects to the Po and eventually to the sea.Naviglio di PadernoNaviglio di PadernoThe Naviglio di Paderno was a navigable canal of the Navigli system in the Lombardy region of Northern Italy. Approximately 3 kilometers (1.8 mi) long, it was built to bypass the rapids on the Adda River in the Paderno d'Adda section of the river. This is the canal where Leonardo da Vinci is said to have experimented his new mitred gates for pound locks. Leonardo had been at court in Milan in 1496 but only completed his plans for the experiment in 1518.LombardyLombardyLombardy (Lombard and Italian: Lombardia; Romansh: Lumbardia) is an administrative region of Italy that covers 23,844 km2 (9,206 sq mi); it is located in northern Italy and with a population of about 10 million is the most populous region, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population.CeltsCeltsThe Celts ( KELTS, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples ( KEL-tik) were a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia, identified by their use of Celtic languages and other cultural similarities. Major Celtic groups included the Gauls; the Celtiberians and Gallaeci of Iberia; the Britons, Picts, and Gaels of Britain and Ireland; the Boii; and the Galatians.MilanMilanSecond-largest city in ItalyComune in ItalyMilan is the capital and largest city of the region of Lombardy, in northern Italy, and the seat of the Metropolitan City of Milan. It is the second-largest city in Italy after the country’s capital, Rome, with a population of 1,362,863 in 2026. The city's wider metropolitan area is the largest in Italy, and the fourth-largest in the European Union, with an estimated population of 6.55 million.Adriatic SeaAdriatic SeaBody of water between the Italian and Balkan PeninsulasThe Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the , extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro, and Slovenia.Lombard languageLombard languageThe Lombard language (Lombard: lombard, lumbard, lumbart or lombart, depending on the orthography; pronunciation: ) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celticlinguistic substratum and a Lombardiclinguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland.Po (river)Po (river)The Po ( POH, Italian: [ˈpɔ]) is the longest river in Italy. It flows eastward across northern Italy, starting from the Cottian Alps. The river's length is 652 km (405 mi), or 682 km (424 mi) if the Maira, a right bank tributary, is included. The headwaters of the Po are formed by a spring seeping from a stony hillside at Pian del Re, a flat place at the head of the Val Po under the northwest face of Monviso.

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