Sodium carbonateSodium carbonate (also known as washing soda, soda ash, sal soda, and soda crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2CO3 and its various hydrates. All forms are white, odorless, water-soluble salts that yield alkaline solutions in water.
Wadi El NatrunWadi El Natrun (Arabic: وادي النطرون, lit.'Valley of Natron'; Coptic: Ϣⲓϩⲏⲧ, romanized: Šihēt, lit.'measure of the heart') is a depression in northern Egypt that is located 23 m (75 ft) below sea level and 38 m (125 ft) below the Nile River level. The valley contains several alkaline lakes, natron-rich salt deposits, salt marshes and freshwater marshes.
ThermonatriteThermonatrite is a naturally occurring evaporite mineral form of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3·H2O. It was first described in 1845. Its name is from the Greek θερμός thermos, "heat", plus natron, because it may be a dehydration product of natron. Typical occurrence is in dry saline lake beds and as soil encrustations. It has been reported from volcanic fumaroles and in association with carbonatite-related veins. Common associated minerals include trona, natron and halite.
CarbonateA carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid (H2CO3), characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula CO3. The word "carbonate" may also refer to a carbonate ester, an organic compound containing the carbonate groupO=C(−O−)2.
Sodium bicarbonateSodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, or saleratus, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NaHCO3. It is a salt composed of a sodium cation (Na+) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO3−). Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of sodium carbonate ("washing soda").
TronaTrona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, also sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) is a non-marine evaporite mineral. It is mined as the primary source of sodium carbonate in the United States, where it has replaced the Solvay process used in most of the rest of the world for sodium carbonate production. Turkey is also a major producer.
NahcoliteNahcolite is a soft, colourless or white carbonate mineral with the composition of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) also called thermokalite. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system. Nahcolite was first described in 1928 for an occurrence in a lava tunnel at Mount Vesuvius, Italy.
AlkalinityAlkalinity (from Arabic: القلوية, romanized: al-qaly, lit. 'ashes of the saltwort') is the capacity of water to resist acidification. It should not be confused with basicity, which is an absolute measurement on the pH scale. Alkalinity is the strength of a buffer solution composed of weak acids and their conjugate bases. It is measured by titrating the solution with an acid such as HCl until its pH changes abruptly, or it reaches a known endpoint where that happens.
Sodium sulfateNames IUPAC nameSodium sulfateOther names Sodium sulphateDisodium sulfateSulfate of sodiumThénardite (anhydrous mineral)Glauber's salt (decahydrate)Sal mirabilis (decahydrate)Mirabilite (decahydrate mineral)Identifiers CAS Number7757-82-67727-73-3 (decahydrate)3D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:32149ChEMBLChEMBL233406ChemSpider22844ECHA InfoCard100.028.928E numberE514(i) (acidity regulators, ...)PubChemCID24436RTECS numberWE1650000UNII36KCS0R7500YPR65R21J (decahydrateCompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID1021291InChIInChI=1S/2Na.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2Key: PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-LInChI=1S/2Na.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2InChI=1S/2Na.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2Key: PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-LSMILES[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=OProperties Chemical formulaNa2SO4Molar mass142.04 g/mol (anhydrous)322.20 g/mol (decahydrate) Appearance white crystalline solid, hygroscopicOdorodorless Density2.664 g/cm (anhydrous)1.464 g/cm (decahydrate) Melting point884 °C (1,623 °F; 1,157 K) (anhydrous)32.38 °C (decahydrate) Boiling point1,429 °C (2,604 °F; 1,702 K) (anhydrous) Solubility in wateranhydrous:4.76 g/100 mL (0 °C)28.1 g/100 mL (25 °C)49.7 g/100 mL (32.384 °C)42.7 g/100 mL (100 °C) heptahydrate:19.5 g/100 mL (0 °C)44 g/100 mL (20 °C) Solubilityinsoluble in ethanolsoluble in glycerol, water, and hydrogen iodideMagnetic susceptibility (χ)−52.0·10 cm/mol (anhydrous), −184·10 cm/mol (decahydrate) Refractive index (nD)1.468 (anhydrous)1.394 (decahydrate) Structure Crystal structureorthorhombic (anhydrous)monoclinic (decahydrate) Thermochemistry Heat capacity(C)128.2 J/(mol K) Std molarentropy(S298)149.6 J/(mol K) Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)−1387.1 kJ/mol Enthalpy of fusion(ΔfHfus)200.8 kJ/mol Pharmacology ATC codeA06AD13 (WHO) A12CA02 (WHO) Hazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): Main hazardsIrritant NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 100Flash pointNon-flammable Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0952Related compounds Other anionsSodium selenateOther cationsLithium sulfatePotassium sulfateRubidium sulfateCaesium sulfateRelated compoundsSodium bisulfateSodium sulfiteSodium persulfateSodium pyrosulfateSupplementary data page Sodium sulfate (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Yverify ( ?)
Sodium chlorideSodium chloride , is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite. In its edible form, common table salt, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative.
MineralogyMineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
natronRelated word or term.νίτρονRelated word or term.natriumRelated word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.