SufismMystic practices in IslamSufism (Arabic: التصوف, romanised: al-tasawwuf) is a diverse Islamic spiritual and ethical discipline concerned with spiritual excellence (ihsan), purification of the self and heart (tazkiya), sainthood and closeness to God (wilaya), and remembrance of God (dhikr). At its heart is an ardent love of God (mahabba, ishq) and that which reflects Him.
QuranThe Quran (Arabic: الْقُرْآن, lit. 'the recitation' or 'the lecture'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, and is believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allāh). It is organized in 114 chapters (sūrah, pl. suwar) which consist of individual verses (āyah). Aside from its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature and has significantly influenced the Arabic language.IrfanIslamic term for gnosis In Islam, irfan (Arabic/Persian/Urdu: عرفان; Turkish: İrfan), literally 'knowledge, awareness, wisdom', is a concept in Islamic mysticism akin to gnosis, or spiritual knowledge. Sunni mysticism According to the founder of the Qadiriyya Sufi order, Abdul Qadir Gilani, irfan is the acknowledgement of God's unity.
Psyche (psychology)The psyche is currently used to describe the totality of the human mind, conscious and unconscious. Especially in older texts, the English word soul is sometimes used synonymously. Psychology is the scientific or objective study of the psyche. The word has a long history of use in psychology and philosophy, dating back to ancient times, and represents one of the fundamental concepts for understanding human nature from a scientific point of view.
SoulIn religion and philosophy, immaterial essence of a living beingDepiction of the soul leaving the body at the moment of death: The Grave, illustrated by William Blake, engraved by Luigi Schiavonetti, 1808In religion and philosophy, the soul is the immaterial aspect or essence of a living being. It is typically believed to be immortal and to exist apart from the material world.Sufi philosophySufi philosophy includes the schools of thought unique to Sufism, the mystical tradition within Islam, also termed as Tasawwuf or Faqr according to its adherents. Sufism and its philosophical tradition may be associated with both Sunni and Shia branches of Islam. It has been suggested that Sufi thought emerged from the Middle East in the eighth century CE, but adherents are now found around the world.
NepheshNephesh (Biblical Hebrew: נֶ֫פֶשׁ, romanized: nép̄eš), also spelled nefesh, is a term in the Hebrew Bible used to refer to the aspects of sentience, and human beings and other animals are both described as being nephesh. Not all living organisms are referred to as "nefesh": arthropods ("bugs") and plants, for example, are not described in the Hebrew Bible as nephesh.
CognateIn historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language. Because language change can have radical effects on both the sound and the meaning of a word, cognates may not be obvious, and it often takes rigorous study of historical sources and the application of the comparative method to establish whether lexemes are cognate.
GnosisGnosis is the common Greek noun for knowledge (, gnōsis, f.). The term was used among various Hellenistic religions and philosophies in the Greco-Roman world. It is best known for its implication within Gnosticism, where it signifies a spiritualknowledge or insight into humanity's real nature as divine, leading to the deliverance of the divine spark within humanity from the constraints of earthly existence.
IslamAbrahamic monotheistic religion
Philosophy of selfPhilosophy of self examines the idea of the self at a conceptual level. It is often regarded as part of the broader philosophy of subjectivity. Many different ideas on what constitutes self have been proposed, including the self being an activity, the self being independent of the senses, the bundle theory of the self, the self as a narrative center of gravity, and the self as a linguistic or social construct rather than a physical entity.
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