Modern GreekModern Greek (endonym: Νέα Ελληνικά, Néa Elliniká or Κοινή Νεοελληνική Γλώσσα, Kiní Neoellinikí Glóssa), generally referred to by speakers simply as Greek (Ελληνικά, Elliniká), refers collectively to the dialects of the Greek language spoken in the modern era, including the official standardized form of the language sometimes referred to as Standard Modern Greek.History of EuropeThe history of Europe can be traced back to the appearance of the first modern humans identified as ancestors of contemporary Europeans about 37,000 years ago during the Paleolithic. Early European Farmers migrating from Anatolia spread agriculture across the continent during the Neolithic (7000–2000 BC), a period that also included early metallurgy. Starting around 4000 BC, westward migrations of steppe pastoralists spread Indo-European languages.
Ottoman EmpireFormer empire (c. 1299–1922)The Ottoman Empire, also known historically as Turkey or the Turkish Empire, was a state that spanned much of Southeastern Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th century to the early 20th century, centred in modern-day Turkey. It also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Greek languageGreek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, romanized: elliniká; Ancient Greek: ἑλληνική, romanized: hellēnikḗ) is an Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family. It is native to the territories that have had populations of Greeks since antiquity: Greece, Cyprus, Egypt, Turkey, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, Caucasus, the Black Sea coast, and the .
Republic of VeniceMaritime republic in Italy (697–1797)a. ^Paolo Lucio Anafesto is traditionally the first Doge of Venice, but John Julius Norwich suggests that this may be a mistake for Paul, Exarch of Ravenna, and that the traditional second doge Marcello Tegalliano may have been the similarly named magister militum to Paul. Their existence as doges is uncorroborated by any source before the 11th century, but as Norwich suggests, is probably not entirely legendary.
Middle AgesA medieval stained glass panel from Canterbury Cathedral, c. 1175 – c. 1180, depicting the Parable of the Sower, a biblical narrativeDurationc.
ArgolisArgolis or Argolida (Greek: ΑργολίδαArgolída; ἈργολίςArgolís in ancient Greek and Katharevousa) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Peloponnese, situated in the eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula and part of the tripoint area of Argolis, Arcadia and Corinthia. Much of the territory of this region is situated in the Argolid Peninsula. GeographyMost arable land lies in the central part of Argolis.
GreeceGreece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeastern Europe. It occupies the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, with a population of around 10 million. With nine regions and thousands of islands, it has the longest coastline on the . The Ionian Sea is west of the mainland, Albania northwest, and North Macedonia and Bulgaria north. Turkey is east both by land and the Aegean Sea.
PeloponneseThe Peloponnese, Peloponnesus, or Morea, is a peninsula and geographic region in southern Greece, and the southernmost region of the Balkans. It is connected to the central part of the country by the Isthmus of Corinth land bridge, which separates the Gulf of Corinth from the Saronic Gulf. From the late Middle Ages until the 19th century, the peninsula was known as the Morea, a name still in colloquial use in its demotic form.
Lordship of Argos and NaupliaDuring the late Middle Ages, the two cities of Argos and Nauplia formed a lordship within the Frankish-ruled Morea in southern Greece. Following their conquest in 1211–1212, the cities were granted as a fief to Otto de la Roche, duke of Athens, by Geoffrey I of Villehardouin, prince of Achaea.
FrankokratiaThe Frankish Occupation, also known as the Latin Occupation (Λατινοκρατία, Latinokratía) and, for the Venetian domains, Venetian Occupation, were the collection of primarily French and Italian states, fiefs and colonies that were established by the Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae on the territory of the partitioned Byzantine Empire following the Sack of Constantinople of 1204 during the Fourth Crusade.Romanization of GreekRomanization of Greek is the transliteration (letter-mapping) or transcription (sound-mapping) of text from the Greek alphabet into the Latin alphabet.
Fourth CrusadeLatin Christian armed expedition (1202–1204)Belligerents Crusaders from:Kingdom of FranceHoly Roman EmpireRepublic of VeniceIn Europe:Byzantine EmpireKingdom of HungaryKingdom of CroatiaHoly Land:Ayyubid dynastyCommanders and leadersBoniface I of MontferratEnrico DandoloTheobald III of Champagne #Baldwin IX of FlandersLouis I of BloisHugh IV of Saint-PolConrad of HalberstadtMartin of PairisConon de BéthuneAlexios IV Angelos Alexios III AngelosAlexios V Doukas Al-Adil IStrength4,000-5,000 knights8,000 infantry300 siege weapons10,000 sailors and marines60 war galleys100 horse transports50 troop transports10,000 Byzantine infantry and city militias5,000 Varangians20 war galleysThe Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.